PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES AND RELATIVE CLAUSES AS NOUN POST-MODIFIERS IN DOYLE’S SILVER BLAZE AND THE ADVENTURE OF THE SUSSEX VAMPIRE: THEIR PATTERNS AND EFFECTS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By SIEGFRIEDA ALBERTI SHINTA MURSITA PUTRI Student Number: 03 4214 011 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 i ii iii Something is bad because we think it will be bad... It is better to hear and think something bad... But success will fly away... Something is great because we think it will be the greatest... It is hard to hear and think something good... And success is in your hands... (A paraphrase from David J. Schwartz) Luck doesn·t last forever, because it doesn·t depend on you. We create our Good Fortune, that·s why it lasts forever. Many people want Good Fortune, But only few who give effort to achieve it. (Alex Rovira and Fernando Trias de Bes) Let your hope keep you joyful, Be patient in your troubles, And pray at all times. (Romans 12:12) iv For the glory of my Jesus in HIS kingdom, For my great parents, Tatik & Mursito, For my beloved sisters, Vita & Olla, For my lovely friends and for my boyfriend, Bayu, For my favorite actor: Orlando Bloom And for Sanata Dharma University. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank people who have been supporting me in doing this thesis. I am deeply thankful to JESUS CHRIST who has always been my Companion especially in hard times during my study and during my thesis writing, for HIS protection and light which has led my way into a wonderful one. I give thanks to my advisor, Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M. Pd., M. A., who has guided me in thesis writing since Writing VI class and been helpful in giving counsel for me in finishing this thesis, and to J. Harris H. Setiajid, S. S., M. Hum. as my co- advisor, who has given several essential inputs for this thesis. My deep grateful thanks go to my beloved dad and mom: Papa Brewok Ignatius Mursito and Tacik eNdut Laurentia Hertatik, who are always being patient and praying for my success and giving their best effort for my future. To my sisters Elfrieda Ignatine YaninaVITA M. P. Jelitheng and KarOLLA Leonarda Maria M. P. Prego, who always care about me. I give special thanks to mbak Ninik and to English Letters Teaching Staff, who have been my friends and co-parents and give me guidance in developing my skills. And also to mbak Dewo, mas Nur, mas Paryo, mas Moko, mbak Alice, Ika Ernawati and EEC Teaching Staff, who have been my friends in my part- time job. My special thanks also goes to my best friends who are always a friend in need: Prita, Ajeng, Tyas, Renzzie, Widhy, Yeri, Jhony, Danang, Hana, Ronald, Jonathan, Cindy, Toi-toi and friends in academic year of 2003; Tartuffified People in ‘TARTUFFE’: Gideon, Poppy, Lusi, mas Dhika, Tiara, vi Danik, Ocha, Yabes and NitNot, mas Teguh, mas Sunu, mas Inyong, mas Jody and mas Galang; Dahlia Girls in my boarding house: Adin, Devie, Emy, Wina, Rika, mbak Ana and mbak Ncil; confused and puzzled friends in internship: Ika, Gracia and Putri; friends in YaPoRa: mas Kusen, mbak Sani, Judith, Isabel, mas Yusup, mbak Ninol, mbak Tri, mas Muklas, mas Yosi, mas item, mas Hersum and Boedi; String Movie Crews: Seny, Uke, Rizky, Tony, Edward and Nanang; my basketball teammate: Oning, Evie, Tien, Pippi, Astu, Astri, Ajenx, Topa, Ale, NyoNyo, Nyoman and Vicky; and my boyfriend’s friends: mas Heri Gondez, mas I’is, Simbah, and mas Tri J’ndol. They all have given me great memories, motivation, spirit and I learn a lot from our friendship. Thanks also to my favorite actors and musicians Orlando Bloom, Takuya Kimura and Backstreet Boys, who always decorate my desktop background to spirit me. Special thanks to Bayu Widhi Astono, who has been my friend, my support and motivation. May JESUS always be with him. Dangsinul saranghee yo. ^_^ Siegfrieda Alberti Shinta M. P. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................ i APPROVAL PAGE .................................................................................. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ............................................................................ iii MOTTO PAGE ......................................................................................... iv DEDICATION PAGE .............................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. xi ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ............................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulation ................................................................... 5 C. Objectives of the Study ................................................................ 5 D. Benefit of the Study ..................................................................... 5 E. Definition of Terms ...................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Review of Related Studies ............................................................ 8 1. A Study of English Relative Clauses in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue ........................................... 8 2. Conan Doyle’s Works Readability ........................................ 9 B. Review of Related Theories ......................................................... 13 1. Complex Noun Phrase ........................................................... 13 a. Head ................................................................................ 14 b. The Pre-modifier ............................................................. 14 c. The Post-modifier ........................................................... 15 2. The Explicitness of Post-modification ................................... 16 3. Prepositional Phrase as Post-modifier................................... 17 4. Relative Clauses ..................................................................... 20 a. Non-Finite Relative Clauses ............................................. 21 i) –ing Relative Clauses ................................................ 21 ii) –ed Relative Clauses ................................................. 22 iii) to- infinitive Relative Clauses ................................... 22 b. Finite Relative Clauses .................................................... 23 c. Restrictive Relative Clauses ............................................ 23 d. Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses ..................................... 24 5. The Effects of Prepositional Phrase and Relative Clauses as Post-modifier ......................................................................... 24 a. Giving more Distinctive Explanation about an Object ... 25 b. Avoiding Discontinuity and Ambiguity .......................... 25 c. Maximizing the Explicitness ........................................... 26 d. Supplying Essential and or Additional Information ........ 27 viii 6. Patterns of the Formula and Rules in Writing Detective Stories .................................................................................... 27 a. Situation .......................................................................... 27 b. Pattern of Action ............................................................. 28 c. Characters and Relationships .......................................... 28 d. Setting .............................................................................. 28 C. Review of Silver Blaze and The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire 30 1. Silver Blaze ............................................................................ 30 2. The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire .................................. 30 D. Theoretical Framework ................................................................ 31 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study ....................................................................... 33 B. Method of the Study ..................................................................... 35 1. Kind of Research .................................................................... 35 2. Data Collection ....................................................................... 36 3. Data Analysis .......................................................................... 36 a. Identifying the Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses 37 i) Analyze the Patterns ................................................... 37 ii) The Proportion of Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses in Silver Blaze and The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire …........................................... 38 b. Finding the Effects by the use of Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses as Post-modifier …........................ 38 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS A. The Proportion of Prepositional Phrases and Relative Clauses in Silver Blaze and The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire .............. 40 1. Noun Phrase Post-modified by Prepositional Phrase ............ 42 a. Noun Phrase + prepositional phrase ................................ 43 b. (Noun Phrase