US007058515B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.058,515 B1 Selifonov et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 6, 2006 (54) METHODS FOR MAKING CHARACTER (56) References Cited STRINGS, POLYNUCLEOTIDES AND POLYPEPTIDES HAVING DESRED CHARACTERISTICS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4.959,312 A 9, 1990 Sirokin (75) Inventors: Sergey A. Selifonov, Los Altos, CA 4,994,379 A 2/1991 Chang (US); Willem P. C. Stemmer, Los 5,023,171 A 6, 1991 Ho et al. ....................... 435/6 Gatos, CA (US); Claes Gustafsson, 5,043,272 A 8/1991 Hartly et al. Belmont, CA (US); Matthew Tobin, 5,066,584 A 11/1991 Gyllensten et al. San Jose, CA (US); Stephen del 5,264,563 A 11/1993 Huse Cardayre, Belmont, CA (US); Phillip SE A Rhen A. Patten, Menlo Park, CA (US); 3.) A 96 MTS al. Jeremy Minshull, Menlo Park, CA 5.512.463 A 4/1996 Stemmer ................... 435,912 (US); Lorraine J. 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Assistant Examiner Shubo (Joe) Zhou (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Jeffrey K. Weaver; Sharon (51) Int. Cl. M. Fujita; Norman J. 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