DOCUMENT RESUME EL 368 248 HE 027 261 TITLE Intercollegiate Sports (Part 2). Hearings before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session (June 23 and August 4, 1993). INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Energy and Commerce. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-043530-7 PUB DATE 94 NOTE 151p.; Serial No. 103-58. For part I, see ED 359 188. AVAILABLE FROMU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Athletes; Athletic Coaches; College Athletics; College St,:dents; Court Litigation; Federal Regulation; Females; Hearings; Higher Education; High Schools; High School Students; Intercollegiate Cooperation; *Sex Discrimination; *Womens Athletics IDENTIFIERS Congress 103rd; Florida; *Title IX Education Amendments 1972 ABSTRACT The House of Representatives Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness met to hear testimony on sex discrimination in secondary and college level athletic programs. The witnesses on the first panel were all current or former college students and plaintiffs ir four recentand significant Title IX cases. Title IX was part of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 that put an end to sex discrimination in education, including sports. The witnesses were Rollin Haffer, a former student of Temple University (Pennsylvania); Jennifer Baldwin Cook, a former ice hockey player for Colgate University (NewYork); Amy Cohen, a gymnast, and Megan Hull, a volleyball player both from Brown University (Rhode Island); and Susan B. Kiechel, a former student at Auburn University (Alabama) and a soccer player. A question and answer session probed students' experiences with the Office nf Civil Rights. A second panel of witnesses included Nancy Benda, director, Equal Educational Opportunity Program, Florida Department of Education; Ola Bundy, of the Illinois High School Association; Christine Pride, a senior at John F. Kennedy High School (Maryland); Dorothy Gaters, basketball coach at John Marshall High School (Illinois); and Wanda Oates, basketball coach at Ballou High School (District of Columbia). Additional testimony was submitted for the record by Betty Castor, Commissioner of Education of the Florida Department of Education. (JB) INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORTS (Part 2) HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, ND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 01\T, HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 23 AND AUGUST 4, 1993 Serial No. 103-58 Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Othce of EducattonaI Rematch and Improv.m.nt EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 04hrs document has been reproduced as recetved from the person or ofgaturatron Onglna Imo 11 0 Mrnor changes have been made to improve reproductton quahty Pcents of view Of optmons slated in thnt docu- ment do nOt necosaartly represent o(hclaI OEM oosriron or pokey U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 75.379CC WASHINGTON :1994 I In NA: h%IiI ( \ 01111,011 P111111111. I )111. \111'0111101,1011 01I )0t 11111011s. Coor.21,-...1011.1I .rshowirro. I)( IW I SBN 0-16-043530-7 4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE JOHN D. DINGELL,Michigan, Chairman HENRY A. WAXMAN, California CARLOS J. MOORHEAD. California PHILIP R. SHARP, Indiana THOMAS J. BLILEY, JR., Virginia EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts JACK FIELDS, Texas AL SWIFT, Washington MICHAEL G. OXLEY, Ohio CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, Florida MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma DAN SCHAEFER, Colorado W.J. "BILLY" TAUZIN, Louisiana JOE BARTON, Texas RON WYDEN, Oregon ALEX McMILLAN, North Carolina RALPH M. HALL, Texas J. DENNIS HASTERT, Illinois BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico FRED UPTON. Michigan JIM SLATTERY, Kansas CLIFF STEARNS, Florida JOHN BRYANT, Texas BILL PAXON, New York RICK BOUCHER, Virginia PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio JIM COOPER, Tennessee SCOTT KLUG, Wisconsin J. ROY ROWLAND, Georgia GARY A. FRANKS, Connecticut THOMAS J. MANTON, New York JAMES C. GREENWOOD, Pennsylvania EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York MICHAEL D. CRAPO, Idaho GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts RICHARD H. LEHMAN, California FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey CRAIG A. WASHINGTON, Texas LYNN SCHENK, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio MIKE KREIDLER, Washington MARJORIE MARGOLIES-MEZVINSKY, Pennsylvania BLANCHE M. LAMBERT, Arkansas ALAN J. Rom, Staff Director and Chief Counsel DENNIS B. FITZGII3BONS, Deputy Staff Director MARGARET A. DURBIN, Minority Chief Counsel and StaffDirector SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION,AND COMPETITIVENESS CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois, Chairwoman EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York CLIFF STEARNS, Florida JIM SLA IsTERY, Kansas ALEX McMILLAN, North Carolina .1 ROY ROWLAND, Georgia BILL PAXON, New York THOMAS J MANTON, New York JAMES C. GREENWOOD, Pennsylvania RICHARD H. LEHMAN, California CARLOS J. MOORHEAD, California FRANK PALLONE, New Jersey (Ex Officio) JOHN D DINGELL, Michigan Eic Officio SCHOOLER, Staff Director /Chief Counsel DONOVAN GAY, Special Assistant MARY-MOORE HAMRICK, Minority Counsel k- 3 CONTENTS Page Hearings held on: 1 June 23, 1993 45 August 4, 1993 Testimony of: Opportunity Program, Florida Benda, Nancy, director, Equal Educational 130 Department of Education director, Illinois High School Associa- Bundy, Ola M., assistant executive 65 tion 9 Cohen, Amy, former student athlete,Brown University athlete, Colgate University 5 Cook, Jennifer Baldwin, former studentMarshall High School, Maywood, Gaters, Dorothy, basketball coach, John 53 Ill 3 Hoffer, Rollin, former student athlete,Temple University Brown University 16 Hull, Megan, former student athlete, 21 Kiechel, Susan Bradbury, former studentathlete, Auburn University High School, Washington, DC 54 Oates, Wanda, basketball coach. BallouKennedy Hign School, Silver Spring, Pride, Christine, senior, John F. 49 Md 54 Speaks, B. Kali, assistant coach, BallouHigh School, Washington, DC the Florida Department of Education: Material submitted for the record by 139 Statement of Betty Castor, commissionerof education MIL BEST COPY AVAILABLE 4 INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORTS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1993 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND COMPETITIVENESS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room B-352, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Cardiss Collins (chair- woman) pmsiding. Mrs. COLLINS. Good morning. This hearing of the Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection and Competitiveness will come to order. Today, we continue with the subcommittee's investigation of gen- der equity in college sports with a distinguished panel of current and former student athletes who have set landmark precedents in the courts to end sex discrimination. Twenty-one years ago, Con- gress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments Act to put an end to sex discrimination in education, including sports. Yet as our previous hearings have shown, discrimination continues. If we were here today to discuss classroom education and we heard stories about how all the young men in the class received free books, pencils, and notebooks, and even all of the seats, while the young women had to buy their own supplies, and stand in the back of the room, you could be sure we would hear protests. So, in the context of an educational experience, why should wom- en's athletic needs be disregarded by so many? We know that our Nation's colleges and universities continue to provide men with more than twice the funding of women in categories ranging from scholarships, recruitment, and operating expenses. Despite the fact that women represent about 50 percent of the enrollment on cam- puses, participation rates are one-third or less at most schools. There is plenty of blame to go around. Colleges continue to refuse to come to terms with the requirements rf Title IX. The National Collegiate Athletic Association refuses to adopt enforceable rules to ensure gender equity. The Office for Civil Rights under the past two administrations failed to enforce the law. As a result, young women, angered by this blatant sex discrimi- nation have been pursuing their rights in court. They have been largely successful. Thank goodness. The witnesses at today's hearing were all plaintiffs in four of the most significant Title IX cases. These courageous women will tell how deeply their lives have been affected by discrimination. They 5 2 will add a human dimension to all the numbers that have been al- ready cited. In reviewing their testimony, Iwas struck by several things. First, the students attempted all reasonable remedieswith their schools before resorting to the courts, but theywere con- stantly thwarted by their schools and the Office for Civil Rights. Second, their requests were extremely modest when comparedto the school's entire athletic budgets. For example, while the men's hockey team at Colgate received over $300,000, thewomen were asking for just $16,000, which was just $4,000more than the men's team stick budget. Third, their requests clearly show that there is indeeda true in- terest in women at colleges to participate in athletics, and that need is not being effectively accommodated,as the law requires. Fi- nally, I was deeply impressed by thecourage that each of