UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Installing democracy in the Balkans? Analysis of political party assistance in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo Nenadović, M. Publication date 2012 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Nenadović, M. (2012). Installing democracy in the Balkans? Analysis of political party assistance in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Installing Democracy in the Balkans? Analysis of Political Party Assistance in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo PhD dissertation by Maja Nenadović U n i v e r s i t y o f A m s t e r d a m Installing Democracy in the Balkans? Analysis of Political Party Assistance in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 8 november 2012, om 12:00 uur door Maja Nenadović geboren te Zabok, Joegoslavië Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. dr. A.W.M. Gerrits Co-promotor: Prof. dr. P.J. Burnell Overige leden: Prof. dr. I.C. van Biezen Dr. A. Freyberg-Inan Prof. dr. M. de Goede Prof. dr. J.H. de Wilde Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen II Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................. VII List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................ IX Abstract ............................................................................................................................ XI Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... XIII Note on Terminology ..................................................................................................... XV Prologue .........................................................................................................................XVI 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Problem and Central Questions .................................................................. 3 1.2 Relevance of the Study ............................................................................................... 6 1.3 Key Concepts .............................................................................................................. 7 1.4 Research Design ......................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Chapters Overview ................................................................................................... 10 2. LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ................... 13 2.1 On Democracy .......................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Democratization ................................................................................................. 14 2.1.2 Political Parties ................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Post – Conflict .......................................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 Statebuilding ...................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Political Party Development .............................................................................. 25 2.2.3 The Democratization Paradox ........................................................................... 32 2.3 Political Party Assistance ......................................................................................... 37 2.3.1 Why Parties? The Analysis of Goals behind Party Assistance .......................... 39 2.3.2 The Party Aid Toolbox ....................................................................................... 39 2.3.3 What Do We Know about Party Assistance? ..................................................... 40 3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 44 3.1 Case Study Research ................................................................................................ 44 III 3.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................. 45 3.3 Primary and Secondary Sources ............................................................................... 47 3.4 Supplementary Methods ........................................................................................... 48 3.4.1 Participant Observation ..................................................................................... 48 3.4.2 Survey Questionnaire ......................................................................................... 49 3.5 Understanding and Establishing Impact ................................................................... 49 3.6 Limitations and Constraints ...................................................................................... 51 4. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS ...................................................... 53 4.1 Pre-Conflict Politics ................................................................................................. 53 4.1.1 Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo in Tito’s Yugoslavia ..................................... 54 4.1.2 Sliding into War ................................................................................................. 56 4.2 Post-Conflict Political Developments ...................................................................... 62 4.2.1 International Administrations ............................................................................ 62 4.2.2 International Administrations’ Influence on Politics ........................................ 64 4.3 Political Parties and Party Systems in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo ................ 69 4.3.1 Political Parties: Bosnia-Herzegovina .............................................................. 69 4.3.2 Political Parties: Kosovo ................................................................................... 73 4.3.3 Major Political Developments ........................................................................... 79 4.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 95 5. POLITICAL PARTY ASSISTANCE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA (1996 – 2008): THE LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES AT WORK ................... 96 5.1 Provision of Party Aid .............................................................................................. 97 5.1.1 The Beginnings ................................................................................................... 99 5.1.2 Consolidation of Party Aid .............................................................................. 102 5.1.3 The Backlash .................................................................................................... 105 5.2 Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 107 IV 5.2.1 Party Assistance Organizations’ Goals: Self-Assessment ............................... 107 5.2.2 Recipients’ Appraisal ...................................................................................... 111 5.2.3 Analysis of the Biggest Recipients .................................................................. 117 5.2.4 The Impact of Assistance on Party- and Political System ............................... 122 6. PARTY AID IN KOSOVO (1999 – 2008): BUILDING PARTIES FROM SCRATCH ...................................................................................................................... 126 6.1 Provision of Party Assistance ................................................................................. 128 6.1.1 The Beginnings (1999 – 2004) ......................................................................... 130 6.1.2 Consolidation of Party Aid (2004 – 2008) ....................................................... 134 6.2 Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 138 6.2.1 Party Assistance Organizations’ Goals: Self-Assessment ............................... 139 6.2.2 Recipients’ Appraisal ......................................................................................