Technology and Development No.13 January 2000 ARTICLE On the East Asian Economic Crisis‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Yonosuke HARA The Current Situation in Vietnam and Japan’s ODA ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Motoo FURUTA A Consideration of Infrastructure Development in Developing Countries ― Appropriate Design Based on Optimal Destruction Probability ― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Koji TSUNOKAWA/ Fumio NISHINO CASE STUDY Diffusion of Maternal and Child Health Handbook Program in Indonesia ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Keiko OSAKI / Yasuhide NAKAMURA /Yoko WATANABE /Yoshiko SATO /Hiromi OKUNO Adult Literacy Education as an Entry Point for Community Empowerment ― Evolution of Self-Help Group Activities in Rural Nepal ― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Chizu SATO/ Masamine JIMBA/ Izumi MURAKAMI NOTE Education and Research of Veterinary Public Health - Knowledge and Experience Gained through International Cooperation in Zambia ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Takao FUJIKURA International Cooperation in Hospital Improvement Projects in Developing Countries ― A Study of Basic Principle ‥‥‥Katsuhiro YOSHITAKE / Yasuhiro ARASAKI / Shuzo KANAGAWA A Study on Labor-Based Technology in Kenya ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Eiichi ASANO Globalization and Environmental Issues for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Takashi HAYASE SPECIAL REPORT Post-Conflict: A Gap between Emergency Assistance and Long-Term Development Assistance in the Post-Conflict Period ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Post-Conflict and Development Study Group, JICA INFORMATION Committee on the Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the Republic of Peru Committee on the Study of the DAC’s New Development Strategy International Symposium “Health Initiative in Asian Economic Crisis ― Human Centered Approach” Committee on the Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Report on the JICA International Symposium on “Local Development and the Role of Government ― A New Perspective of Assistance” The Second Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the People’s Republic of China JICA Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency Technology and Development Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency EDITORIAL BOARD Managing Editor: KATO, Keiichi Managing Director, Institute for International Cooperation, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Members: (Alphabetical order in family name) ASANUMA, Shinji JICA Guest Development Specialist / Professor at Hitotsubashi University ENDO, Akira Managing Director, Medical Cooperation Department, JICA KANO, Yoshiaki Managing Director, Forestry and Natural Environment Department, JICA NISHIMAKI, Ryuzo Managing Director, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Development Study Department, JICA SAKURADA, Yukihisa Managing Director, Social Development Study Department, JICA TAKAHASHI, Toshihiro Managing Director, Planning and Evaluation Department, JICA UTSUMI, Seiji Professor at Osaka University Technology and Development (English edition) is published once a year by the Institute for International Cooperation (IFIC). The articles are selected and translated from its Japanese edition, Kokusai Kyoryoku Kenkyu. Kokusai Kyoryoku Kenkyu, having been published twice a year by the IFIC since 1985, specializes in studies of tech- nical cooperation regarding developing countries’natural, socio-economic, and cultural environment. It aims to provide opportunities for presenting papers to those engaged in development projects and thereby to contribute to the furtherance of international technical cooperation. Kokusai Kyoryoku Kenkyu accepts papers in Japanese. For more detail, please refer to the back of its front page or the explanatory manual. The IFIC introduces the latest information related to JICA through the JICA Home Page (http://www.jica.go.jp/). Users who have access to this Home Page can read all the contents of research papers and case studies presented in Technology and Development, No.9 to No.12 (http://www.jica.go.jp/E-info/Index.html) and the Japanese Journal Kokusai Kyoryoku Kenkyu, the original version of Technology and Development. from No.24 (http://www.jica.go.jp/J-info/Index- kenkyu.html). Views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the Japan Interna- tional Cooperation Agency (JICA), or of any organization with which the authors may be associated. Published by Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency Ichigaya Honmura-cho 10-5, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8433, Japan ｃ 2000 Japan International Cooperation Agency All rights reserved Printed in Japan on recycled paper Technology and Development No.13 January 2000 CONTENTS 012 000 ARTICLE On the East Asian Economic Crisis Yonosuke HARA‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 05 The Current Situation in Vietnam and Japan’s ODA Motoo FURUTA‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 11 A Consideration of Infrastructure Development in Developing Countries ― Appropriate Design Based on Optimal Destruction Probability ― Koji TSUNOKAWA / Fumio NISHINO‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 17 CASE STUDY Diffusion of Maternal and Child Health Handbook Program in Indonesia Keiko OSAKI / Yasuhide NAKAMURA / Yoko WATANABE / Yoshiko SATO /Hiromi OKUNO‥‥‥‥ 25 Adult Literacy Education as an Entry Point for Community Empowerment ― Evaluation of Self-Help Group Activities in Rural Nepal ― Chizu SATO/ Masamine JIMBA/ Izumi MURAKAMI‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 35 NOTE Education and Research of Veterinary Public Health - Knowledge and Experience Gained through International Cooperation in Zambia Takao FUJIKURA‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 45 International Cooperation in Hospital Improvement Projects in Developing Countries ― A Study of Basic Principle Katsuhiro YOSHITAKE / Yasuhiro ARASAKI / Shuzo KANAGAWA‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 55 A Study on Labor-Based Technology in Kenya Eiichi ASANO‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 63 Globalization and Environmental Issues for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries Takashi HAYASE‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 71 SPECIAL REPORT Post-Conflict ― A Gap between Emergency Assistance and Long-term Development Assistance in the Post-Conflict Period Post-Conflict and Development Study Group, JICA‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 79 INFORMATION Committee on the Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the Republic of Peru‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 85 Committee on the Study of the DAC’s New Development Strategy‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 87 International Symposium “Health Initiative in Asian Economic Crisis ― Human Centered Approach”‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 89 Committee on the Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 91 Report on the JICA International Symposium on “Local Development and the Role of Government ―A New Perspective of Assistance”‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 94 The Second Country Study for Japan’s Official Development Assistance to the People’s Republic of China‥‥‥‥ 96 Institute for International Cooperation Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA was established on 1 August 1974 as an official aid agency of Japan under the Japan supervision of the Ministry of Foreign affairs. In order to help promote the economic International and social development of the developing world, JICA extends various kinds of Cooperation cooperation including technical cooperation, grant aid, dispatch of Japan Overseas Agency Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV). IFIC was established on 1 October 1983 as one of JICA’s affiliated organs. Its purpose is Institute undertaking recruitment of development specialists, training qualified Japanese For experts, research and study, and collection and dissemination of information of International technical cooperation. Cooperation Technology and Development No.13 January 2000 ARTICLE On the East Asian Economic Crisis‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Yonosuke HARA The Current Situation in Vietnam and Japan’s ODA ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Motoo FURUTA A Consideration of Infrastructure Development in Developing Countries ― Appropriate Design Based on Optimal Destruction Probability ― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Koji TSUNOKAWA/ Fumio NISHINO CASE STUDY Diffusion of Maternal and Child Health Handbook Program in Indonesia ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Keiko OSAKI / Yasuhide NAKAMURA /Yoko WATANABE /Yoshiko SATO /Hiromi OKUNO Adult Literacy Education as an Entry Point for Community Empowerment ― Evolution of Self-Help Group Activities in Rural Nepal ― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Chizu SATO/ Masamine JIMBA/ Izumi MURAKAMI NOTE Education and Research of Veterinary Public Health - Knowledge and Experience Gained through International Cooperation in Zambia ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Takao FUJIKURA International Cooperation in Hospital Improvement Projects in Developing Countries ― A Study of Basic Principle ‥‥‥Katsuhiro YOSHITAKE / Yasuhiro ARASAKI / Shuzo KANAGAWA A Study on Labor-Based Technology in Kenya ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Eiichi ASANO Globalization and Environmental Issues for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Takashi HAYASE SPECIAL REPORT Post-Conflict: A Gap between Emergency Assistance and Long-Term Development Assistance in the Post-Conflict Period ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥Post-Conflict and Development