DOCUMENT RESUME ED 271 355 SO 017 268 AUTHOR Whiteman, Darrell L., Ed. TITLE Missionaries, Anthropologists, and Cultural Change [Part I]. Studies in Third World Societies. Publication Number Twenty-Five. INSTITUTION College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. Dept. of Anthropology. PUB DATE 85 ROTE 435p.; For part II of this study, see SO 017 295. For other studies in this series, see ED 251 334 and SO 017 296-297. AVAILABLE FROMStudies in Third World Societies, Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 32185 ($20.00; $35.00 set), PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC18 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Anthropology; *Clergy; Cross Cultural Studies; Cultural Influences; Cultural Pluralism; Culture Conflict; Developed Nations; *Developing Nations; Ethnography; Ethnology; *Global Approach; Modernization; Non Western Civilization; Poverty; Religious Differences; Religious Organizations; *Sociocultural Patterns; Socioeconomic Influences; Traditionalism; World Problems IDENTIFIERS *Missionaries ABSTRACT The topics of anthropologist-missionary relationships, theology and missiology, research methods and missionary contributions to ethnology, and missionary training and methods, along with specific case studies are presented. The 13 essays are: (1) "Prospects for a b6tter. Understanding and Closer Cooperation between Anthropologists and hissilnaries" (Louis J. Luzbetak);(2) "Anthropologists and Missionaries: Eternal Enemies or Colleagues in Disguise?" (Vinson H. Sutlive, Jr.); (3) "Parallaxis in Missiology: To Use or Abuse" (A. R. Tippett); (4) "Missionaries and the Perception of Evil" (Kenelm Burridge); (5) "Inculturation and Evangelisation: Realism or Romanticism?" (Gerald A. Arbuckle); (6) "A Missionary Philosophy of Development" (T. Wayne Dye); (7) "Developing Moralnets: Twenty-five Years of Culture Change among the Choco" (Jacob A. Loewen); (8) "Missionaries and Mourning: Continuity and Change in the Death Ceremonies of a Melanesian People" (John Barker); (9) "The Use of Missionary Documents in Ethnohistorical Research" (Darrell L. Whitman); (10) "Called for Life: The Literary Contribution of Edward M. Haymaker to an Ethnohistory of Protestant Missionary Ideology, Guatemala, 1887-1947" (David G. Scotchmer); (11) "Ethnology and Missionaries: The Case of the Anthropos Institute and Wilhelm Schmidt" (Ernest Brandewie); (12) "The Missionaryas Cross-Cultural Educator" (Marvin K. Mayers); and (13) "Teaching Missionaires through Stories: The Anthropological Analysis of Indigenous Literature as an Aspect of a Cross-Cultural Orientation Program" (Miriam Adeney). (B2) STUDIES IN THIRD WORLD SOCIETIES is devoted to the study of cultures and societies of the Third World. Each publication contains papers dealing with a single theme or area, addressed both to scholars and laymen as well as to teachers, students, and practi- tioners of social science; the papers should be of value also to applied social scientists, planners, demographers, community development workers, and other students of human cultures and societies. COPYRIGHT1985 by THE EDITORS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-71661 Communications concerning editorial matters, including requests to reprint or translate, and correspondence about subscriptions, change of address, circulation, and payments should be addressed to: The Editors STUDIES IN THIRD WORLD SOCIETIES Department of Anthropology College of William and Mary Williamsburg, Virginia 23185 U.S.A. Phone: (800 253-4522 3 EDITORS VINSON H. SUTLIVE NATHAN ALTSHULER MARIO D. ZAMORA VIRGINIA KERNS PUBLISHER DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY Williamsburg, Virginia 23185 U.S.A. International Editorial Advisory Board Teodoro Agoncillo (University of the Philippines), Carlos H. Aguilar (University of Costa Rica), Muhammad Ali (University of Malaya), Jacques Amyot (Chulalongkorn University, Thailand), Ghaus Ansari (Kuwait University), George N. Appell (Brandeis University), Harold Barclay (University of Alberta, Canada) ,Etta Becker-Donner (Museum fur Volkerkunde, Vienna, Austria), Harumi Befu (Stanford University),Ignacio Bernal(I nstituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico), Ronald M. Berndt (University of Western Australia) ,Fernando Camara (Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico), Paulo de Carvalho-Neto (Sao Paulo, Brazil), S. Chandra- sekhar (California State University), K.C. Chang (Harvard University), Chen Chi-lu (National Taiwan University, China), Hackeny Choe (Seoul National University, Korea), George Coelho (National Institute of Mental Health, Maryland), Ronald Cohen (Ahmado Bello University, Niger- ia), Ronaid Crocombe (University of the Pacific,Fiji Island), May N. Diaz (University of California, BerkelRy), K.O. Dike (Harvard University), Fred Eggan (University of Chicago), S.C. Dube (India Institute of Advanced Study, India), S.N. Eisenstadt (Hebrew University,Israel), Gabriel Escobar M. (Pennsylvania State University and Lima, Peru), Claudio Esteva Fabregat (University of Barcelona, Spain), Orlando Fals Borda (Bogota, Colombia), Muhammad Fayyaz (Punjab University, Pakistan, and Queens University, Canada), C. Dean Freudenberger (School of ii 4 Theology, Claremont, California), Morton H. Fried (Co;um- bia University),lsao Fujimoto (University of California. Davis), C. von Furer-Haimendorf (London School of Oriental and African Studies, England), Dante Germino (University of Virginia), Walter Goldschmidt (University of Califor- nia, Los Angeles), Nancie L. Gonzalez (Boston University), W.W. Howells (Harvard University), Francis L.K. Hsu (Northwestern University), Charles C. Hughes (University of Utah Medical Center), Erwin H. Johnson (State Univer- sity of New York, Buffalo), Victor T. King (University of Hull),Koentjaraningrat( University of Indonesia), T.A. Lambo (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Gottfried 0. Lang (University of Colorado), Peter Lawrence (Sydney University, Australia), Diane K. Lewis (University of California, Santa Cruz), Dapen Liang( Asiamerica Research Institute, California), Abdoulaye Ly (University of Dakar, Senegal), Robert A. Manners (Brandeis Univer- sity), Jamshed Mavalwala (University of Toronto, Canada), Eugenio Fernandez Mendez (Universidad de Puerto Rico), Alfredo T. Morales (National Research and Development Centre for Teacher Education, University of the Philip- pines), Gananath Obeyesekere (Princeton University, N.J.), Gottfried Oosterwal (Andrews University), Morris E. Opler (University of Oklahoma), Alfonso Ortiz (Princeton University), Akin Rabibhadana (Thammasat University, Thailand),V.J. Ram (United Nations, Beirut, Lebanon), M.S.A. Rao (University of Delhi,India), J.B. Romain (CRESHS, Haiti), Renato I.R_.iaido (Stanford University), Irving Rouse (Yale University), Miguel Acosta Saignes (Caracas, Venezuela), Kernial S. Sandhu (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore), Spiegal-Rosing (Rhur-Universitat Bochum, Gernany), Rodolfo Stavenhagen (El Colegio de Mexico), Akira Takahashi (University of Tokyo, Japan), Reina Torres de Arauz ( Instituto Nacional de Cultura y Deportes, Panama), Donald Tugby (Queensland University, Australia), Victor C. Uchendu (University of Illinois and Kampala, Uganda), Lionel Vallee (University of Montreal, Canada), Mario C. Vasquez (National Office of Agrarian Reform, Peru), L.P. Vidyarthi (Ranchi University. India), B.M. Villanueva (United Nations, New York City), Hiroshi Wagatsuma (University of California, !os Angeles), Wong Soon Kai (Kuching, Sarawak), Inger Wulff (Danish National Museum). iii 5 CONTENTS Publication Number Twenty-Five September 1983 Missionaries, Anthropologists and Cultural Change Darrell L. Whiteman Guest Editor Page Introduction vi Louis J. Luzbetak Prospects for a Better Understanding and Closer Cooperation Between Anthropologists and Missionaries 1 Vinson H. Sutlive, Jr. Anthropologists and Missionaries:Eternal Enemies or Colleagues in Disguise? 55 A. R. Tippett Parallaxis in Missiology:To Use or Abuse 91 Kenelm Burridge Missionaries and the Perception of Evil 153 Gerald A. Arbuckle Inculturation and Evangelisation: Realism or Romanticism? 171 T. Wayne Dye A Missionary Philosophy of Development 215 Jacob A. Loewen Developing Moralnets:Twenty-five years of Culture Change among the Choco 229 iv John Barker Missionaries and Mourning:Continuity and Change in the Death Ceremonies of a Melanesian People 263 Darrell L. Whiteman The Use of Missionary Documents in Ethno- historical Research. 295 David G. Scotchmer Called for Life:The Literary Contribution of Edward M. Haymaker to an Ethnohistory of Protestant Missionary Ideology, Guatemala, 1887-1947 323 Ernest Brandewie Ethnology and Missionaries:The Case of the Anthropos Institute and Wilhelm Schmidt 369 Marvin K. Mayers The Missionary as Cross-Cultural Educator 387 Miriam Adeney Teaching Missionaries Through Stories: The Anthropological Analysis of Indigenous Literature as an Aspect of a Cross-Cultural Orientation Program 397 Notes on the Contributors 421 v INTRODUCTION MISSIONARIES, ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND EPISTEMOLOGY DARRELL L. WHITEMAN Guest Editor and Syposium Organizer The papers in this volume demonstrate unusual balance in an arena that is often fraught with hostilitybetween anthropologists and missionaries.That is, they bring us face to face with the fundamental problem of epistemol- ogy.Because the authors are grounded in an epistemology that differs from that of many missionaries and anthropol- ogists, they are able to see the world