BASELINE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE FORMER WESTINGHOUSE TRANSFORMER PLANT, SHARON, PENNSYLVANIA '\J- APRIL 7,1998 prepared by: ChemRlsk* A Service of McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation Stroudwater Crossing 1685 Congress Street Portland, Maine 04102 (207)774-0012 A Division of McLaren/Hart n ,} - - o n Environmental Engineering ' l\ \\\1\) J / 0 J fihemRisk A Division of McLaren/Hart v Environmental Engineering 'i R i 0 3 7 9 f) "V BASELINE HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE FORMER WESTINGHOUSE TRANSFORMER PLANT, SHARON, PENNSYLVANIA ChemRisk Project No, 12.0802130.018.001 April 7,1998 Prepared for: Westinghouse Electric Corporation 11 Stanwix Street ' Pittsburgh, PA 15222-1384 Prepared by: ChemRisk* - A Service of McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation 1685 Congress Street Portland, ME 04102 Russell E. Keenan, Ph.D. Mark C. Maritato Chief Health Scientist ..*'•' . Senior Health Scientist Vice President v .. •AR30379 I TABLE OF CONTENTS . "^ 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE .................................... 1-1 1.1 Site Background............................................... 1-2 1.2 Regulatory History .......................................,'.;'..; 1-3 1.3 Urban Renewal Land Use Plan ......,...............,....;.. ^..... 1-3 1.4 Risk Assessment Conceptual Site Model;,................,.......'... 1-4 2.0 DATA EVALUATION ......1.........;.,............................ M 2.1 General Data Discussion ......................................... 2-1 2.2 DataGrouping ................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 River Sector ...................................;........ 2-4 2.2.2 North Sector .......................................... 2-6 2.2.3 MiddleSector ......................................... ,.2-7 2.2.4 South Sector ....................;......................, 2-8 2.2.5 Mjjat Sector ............................................. 2-8 2.2.6 Railroad Right-of Way (ROW) .............................. 2-8 2.2.7 Groundwater Data Grouping.......... ^..........._........ 2-9 2.2.7.1 Alluvial Central Plume ...............:......... 2-9 2.2.7.2 Alluvial Southern Plume ....................... 2-9 2.2.7.3 Bedrock Aquifer ............................ 2-10 2.3 Qualitative Data Summary ............... v ..................... 2-10 2.3.1 North Sector........................................... 2-10 2.3.2 Middle Sector .......................................... 2-11 2.3.3 South Sector..................... v.................... 2-11 2.3.4 EPA Residential Soil Sampling Program ...................... 2-12 2.4 Selection of Chemicals of Potential Concern ......................... 2-13 2.4.1 Surface Soils ........................................... 2-15 2.4.2 Subsurface Soils ................................:....... 2-15 2.4.3 Sediments ............................................. 2-15 2.4.4 Storm Water Runoff .......................'............*. 2-15 2.4.5 Groundwater........................................... 2-16 2.4.6 Air ..............................................;... 2-16 3.0 HYPOTHETICAL RECEPTOR ANALYSIS ...:........................ 3-1 3.1 Identification of Potential Exposures................................ 3-1 3.2 Exposure Point Concentrations ........,.....,.................*... 3-5 1 3.3 Quantification of Exposures ...................................... 3-7 3.3.1 RiverSector ...;....................................... 3-13 3.3.1.1 .- ChildWader.../..../...,................... 3-13 3.3.2 North, Middle and South Sectors :.......................... 3-18 CHEMRISK^-A DIVISION OF MCLAREN/HART ARJU3792 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) 3.3.2.1 Indoor Employee ............................. 3-18 3.3.2.2 Indoor Construction Worker ...;............... 3-19 3.3.2.3 Outdoor Construction Worker ................... 3-29 3.3.3 Moat Sector ..........................;....,........... 3-37 3.3.3.1 Maintenance Worker ., .'...................... 3-37 3.3.3.2 Child Trespasser ............;.,............. 3-37 3.3.3.3 Construction Utility Worker.................... 3-38 3.3.4 Railroad Sector ........,................:............... 3-40 3.3.4,1; Maintenance Worker ......................... 3-40 3.3.4.2 Child Trespasser .....:..............;...;... 3-40 3.3.5 Hypothetical Future Use of Groundwater ..................... 3-41 3.3.5.1 Hypothetical Resldehtial Groundwater Use ........ 3-42 3.3.5.2 Hypothetical Industrial/Commercial Groundwater Use ....................... J.............. 3-46" . % ' • • ' •' . i 4.0 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT ..........................................4-1 4.1 Carcinogenic Response ......................................... .4-2 4.2 Noncarcinogenic Response ...... (................................ 4-5 4.3 Relative Absorption Factors ,..................,..•••••••••-•••••• 4-6 5.0 HUMAN HEALTH RISK CHARACTERIZATION ....................... M 5.1 Carcinogenic Risk...................................:........... 5-2 5.2 Noncarcinogenic Hazard ......................................... 5-4 5.3 EPA Calcubted Risk Estimates /.................................. 5-6 5.4 Identification of Uncertainties ..*...*.............................. 5-6 5.5 Risk Perspective .............................................. 5-13 5.5.1 Acceptable Risk Defined Under Existing Regulatory Initiatives ..... 5-14 6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................;................... 6-1 7.0 REFERENCES .....................!.............................. 7-1 cw3JEwmwEJnNafti««viDC.wK> U CHEMRJSK«-A DIVISION OF MCLAREN/HAftT :<R.ilJ3793 .TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Sectors of Interest Figure 2-1 Schematic Diagram of COPC Selection Process LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 , Westinghouse Electric Corporation Former Sharon Transformer Plant Representative Sampling Locations by Sector • . " ' v Table 2-2 PADEP Detected Surface Water Constituents Compared to Standards and Guidelines Table 3-1 Hypothetical Receptor Summary table 3-2 Shenango River Sediment EPC Calculation Table 3-3 Middle Sector Subsurface Soil EPC Calculation Table 3-4 Moat Sector Surface Soil EPC Calculation , Table 3-5 Moat Sector Subsurface Soil EPC Calculation Table 3-6 Railroad ROW Sector Surface Soil EPC Calculation Table 3-7 Railroad Sector Surface Water Runoff EPC Calculation , i y ' • .1 Table 3-8 Alluvial Southern Plume Monitoring Well EPC Calculation Table 3-9 Alluvial Central Plume Monitoring Well COPC Screen Table 3-10 Bedrock Monitoring Well EPC Calculation Table 3-11 Middle Building Indoor Air COPC Screen Table 3-12 Hypothetical Child Wader Exposure Parameters Table 3-13 Hypothetical Employee Exposure Parameters D iii CHEMRISK*-A DIVISION OF MCLAREN/HART '______ TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT?D) i . ^-"^ •____________ LIST OF TABLES (CONT'D) Table 3-14 Hypothetical Indoor Construction Worker Exposure Parameters v . / ' • - - ' , Table 3-15 Hypothetical Respirable Particle Emissions from Outdoor Construction Table3-16 Hypothetical Outdoor Construction Worker Exposure Parameters Table 3-17 Hypothetical Moat Maintenance Worker Exposure Parameters - Table 3-18 Hypothetical Child Moat Trespasser Exposure Parameters Table 3-19 Hypothetical Respirable Particle Emissions from Moat Maintenance/Utility Worker Trench Excavation Table 3-20 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction for Youngstown, OH for the Years 1988-1992 Table 3-21 Hypothetical Moat Maintenance Utility Worker Exposure Parameters i . i Table 3-22 Hypothetical Railroad ROW Maintenance Worker Exposure Parameters i - _ ' , _. • - ', ; . , . • ' . Table 3-23 Hypothetical Railroad ROW Child Trespasser Exposure Parameters Table 3-24 Hypothetical Residential Groundwater Use Exposure Parameters Table 3-25 " Hypothetical Industrial Groundwater Use Exposure Parameters Table 3-26 Calculation of Chemical-specific Transfer Efficiency ' j x Table 4-1 USEPA Weight-of-Evidence Classification System for Carcinogenicity Table 4-2 Oral Toxicit- y Values for Potentia. I l Carcinogeni'. c Effect.: s , ' ' Table 4-3 Inhalation Toxicity Values for Potential Carcinogenic Effects .Table 4-4 PCDD/F Toxic Equivalency Factors [TEFs] . • '. ' • - ' - !. ' ' Table 4-5 Oral Toxicity Values for Potential Noncarcinogenic Effects '-•••••>,• iv- CHEMRISK».A DIVISION OF MCLAREN/HART , " AR3U3795 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) LIST OF TABLES (CONT'D) . Table 4-6 Inhalation Toxicity Values for Potential Noncarcinogenic Effects Table 4-7 Route-Specific Absorption Efficiencies for COPCs , Table 4-8 Relative Absorption Factors for COPC Table 4-9 Dermal Permeability Coefficients for COPC Table 5-1 Summary of Hypothetical Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Risks APPENDICES Appendix A PADEP Shenango River Surface Water and Sediment Sample Data Appendix B Hydrogeologic and Chemical Transport Summary Appendix C Screening for Chemicals of Potential Concern (COPC) Appendix D Calculations of Exposure Point Concentrations (EPCs) ' • . Appendix E Modeling Approach for Estimating Indoor and Outdoor Air Concentrations of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Compounds Originating from LNAPL or Groundwater ._/ Appendix F Modeling Approach for Estimating Indoor and Outdoor Air Concentrations of Chemical Originating from Soils , " . Appendix G lexicological Profiles Appendix H Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Risk Calculations ' Appendix I EPA Comments on the Baseline Risk Assessment CHEMRisK*-A DIVISION OF MCLAREN/HART >1R;*()3796 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE On behalf of Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Westinghouse), ChemRisk*. the human health and ecological risk assessment division of McLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering Corporation