THE SYNTAX OF WH-MOVEMENT IN MULTIPLE (TRUE AND ECHO) QUESTIONS: A Q-PARTICLE APPROACH Ekaterina Chernova Per citar o enllaçar aquest document: Para citar o enlazar este documento: Use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380553 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. DOCTORAL DISSERTATION THE SYNTAX OF WH -MOVEMENT IN MULTIPLE (TRUE AND ECHO ) QUESTIONS : A Q-PARTICLE APPROACH EKATERINA CHERNOVA 2014 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION THE SYNTAX OF WH -MOVEMENT IN MULTIPLE (TRUE AND ECHO ) QUESTIONS : A Q-PARTICLE APPROACH EKATERINA CHERNOVA 2014 Doctoral Programme in Humanities, Heritage and Cultural Studies Thesis Supervisors: Dr. Avel ·lina Suñer Gratacós Dr. Ángel J. Gallego Bartolomé Memory presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor by the Universitat de Girona To my parents, to whom I owe everything Contents Abstract ..................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................... iii Publications derived from the thesis.................................... vii Abbreviations ............................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1. Scope and goals of the dissertation .................................... 1 2. Theoretical assumptions ............................................... 6 3. Structure of the dissertation ........................................... 12 CHAPTER 2: Moving a Q-particle 1. Introduction ............................................................ 15 2. The syntax of wh -movement: moving a Q-particle .................... 16 2.1. Q-movement in wh -in-situ languages ............................ 20 2.2. Q-movement in wh -ex-situ languages ............................ 24 3. Proposal: first Q-Move, then Q-Agree ................................. 29 3.1. Interrogative features and their valuation ....................... 29 3.2. On a relation between wh -words and Q-particles ................ 33 3.3. Q-projection vs . Q-adjunction ................................... 37 4. Summary ............................................................... 40 CHAPTER 3: Multiple wh -questions through the prism of Q-theory 1. Introduction: multiple wh -questions ................................... 42 2. Two types of MWF languages ......................................... 45 2.1. CP-fronting vs . IP-fronting ...................................... 45 2.2. Wh -movement vs . focus-movement .............................. 51 3. Previous studies on wh -questions in Russian .......................... 54 3.1. Russian as a wh -in-situ language ................................ 54 3.2. Russian as a wh -fronting language ............................... 59 3.3. Russian as a language with optional wh -movement ............. 66 4. Superiority and Intervention effects through the prism of Q-movement ........................................................... 69 4.1. Superiority effects and the number of Q-particles ............... 69 4.2. Correlation between Superiority and Intervention effects ....... 75 4.3. Superiority and Intervention effects in MWF languages ........ 78 5. Summary and conclusions ............................................. 80 Appendix A. Superiority effects in Russian wh -questions: data .......... 82 CHAPTER 4: What moves where in Russian? Rethinking Q-theory 1. Introduction ............................................................ 87 2. Q-particle in Slavic .................................................... 88 2.1. The interrogative marker li ...................................... 89 2.2. The enclitic nature of Slavic Q .................................. 93 2.3. Placement of li and left branch extraction ...................... 98 3. On different types of the interrogative C head in multiple wh - questions ............................................................. 105 4. AspP as an escape hatch for Q/ wh -movement ......................... 108 4.1. Phase extension: from vP to AspP .............................. 109 4.2. Syntax of Slavic aspect .......................................... 112 4.3. Phase extension and Q/ wh -movement ........................... 120 5. Q-movement ........................................................... 126 6. Derivations ............................................................. 130 7. Predictions ............................................................. 133 7.1. Wh -cluster and adverbs .......................................... 134 7.2. Lack of T-to-C movement in wh -questions ...................... 140 7.3. Subject positions in multiple wh -questions ...................... 141 7.4. Intervention effects .............................................. 143 7.5. (Multiple) wh -extraction out of embedded clauses .............. 144 8. Typology of wh -movement ............................................. 147 8.1. Multiple wh -questions in Spanish ................................ 151 8.2. Towards a parameter hierarchy for wh -movement .............. 155 9. Summary and conclusions ............................................. 158 CHAPTER 5: A derivational approach to the “echo-challenge” 1. Introduction: What are echo wh -questions? .......................... 159 2. Different types of wh -in-situ questions ................................. 161 2.1. Contrastive wh -questions vs. wh -EQs ............................ 161 2.2. Unheard vs . amazement wh -EQs ................................ 162 3. Key syntactic properties of wh -EQs .................................... 166 3.1. Wh -in-situ vs . wh -movement: crosslinguistic variation .......... 167 3.2. Mood clashes ..................................................... 176 3.3. Partial wh -echoing ............................................... 182 3.4. Wh -EQs and islands ............................................. 185 3.5. Wide scope for the echo-introduced wh -word .................... 187 3.6. Deictic accommodations ......................................... 189 3.7. Summary of the echo-features ................................... 191 4. Double-CP structure of wh -EQs ....................................... 193 4.1. Escandell (2002) ........ ......................................... 194 4.2. Sobin (2010) ..................................................... 198 4.3. A note on the structure of wh -EQs .............................. 200 5. Q-based analysis of wh -EQs: claim ..................................... 203 6. When the echo-Q cannot project ...................................... 207 6.1. Partial wh -echoing ............................................... 208 6.2. Echo wh -items inside islands ..................................... 211 7. Moving the echo Q-particle successive cyclically ...................... 213 7.1. When C 2 is declarative ........................................... 215 7.2. When C 2 is interrogative ........................................