Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact Study Book for Students, Stakeholders and Researchers Riikka Anttonen,Victoria Ateca-Amestoy, Kaisa Holopainen Tanja Johansson, Annukka Jyrämä, Anne Karkkunen, Kaari-Kiitsak Prikk, Kristina Kuznetsova-Bogdanovitš Mervi Luonila, Juko-Mart Kõlar, Beatriz Plaza, Kätlin Pulk Tiina Pusa, Anna Ranczakowska-Ljutjuk, Marge Sassi Ira Stiller, Anne Äyväri Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact Study Book for Students, Stakeholders and Researchers © Authors Project Title: Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI) Project Number: 540176-LLP-1-2013-1-EE -ERASMUS-EQR Grant Agreement: 2013-3384/001-001 Disclaimer: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Sibelius Academy Research Report Publications 17 ISBN 978-952-329-044-0 ISSN 1798-5455 Layout: Hanna Sario Unigrafia Oy Helsinki 2016 Preface and Acknowledgements This publication is an outcome of a joint co-writing effort created together with several researchers: Riikka Anttonen,Victoria Ateca-Amestoy, Kaisa Holopainen, Tanja Johansson, Annukka Jyrämä, Anne Karkkunen, Kaari-Kiitsak Prikk, Kristina Kuznetsova-Bogdanovitš, Mervi Luonila, Juko-Mart Kõlar, Beatriz Plaza, Kätlin Pulk, Tiina Pusa, Anna Ranczakowska-Ljutjuk, Marge Sassi, Ira Stiller and Anne Äyväri. We have each contributed to the building and commenting on the chapters, not only within our fields of expertise but conjointly and collectively throughout the Study Book. The book is based on our joint activities within Managing Art Projects with Societal Impact (MAPSI) – project in EU Erasmus+ Lifelong learning –programme (201-32016). MAPSI joins five organizations that each bring into the project their special expertise; Estonian Academy of Theatre and Music, Estonian Business School, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Sibelius Academy of the University of the Arts Helsinki and Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU (for more information about the project please see http://www.mapsi.eu/). During the project we have learnt to question each other, reflect together, and jointly create new knowledge across the different fields of experiences. The Study Book highlights this process way of working. The aims of MAPSI project were: • To create a specialization module in master programs in management of artistic projects with societal impact • To create an international network focusing on educating cultural managers and facilitators to manage and mediate artistic and cultural projects with societal impact. • Create an innovative field of specialization in the context of art/cultural management master’s programmes that train the future managers and mediators for artistic projects with societal impact • Develop new teaching materials and content of high quality that contribute to the European arts/cultural management education • Build up a conception of new integrated models for interactive study and internships This Study Book is one way to respond to these aims. The book is particularly called a ‘study book’, aiming not to give direct answers, but to open avenues for students and practitioners to reflect and learn to create their own way of managing art project with societal impact. The book provides analysis of the current practices, skills and the competences need for successful interaction between art and society. It contains multiple cases and examples as well as theoretical perspectives and tools for managers to build up their knowledge, competences and skills to manage art projects with societal impact. Yet, as we firmly believe that there is never only one right way to do 3 this, we do not provide only one way or a model to apply, but various perspectives to create one’s own model or models that could work in some specific contexts and circumstances. The key target group of the Study Book is students in arts management, social studies, arts, or economics interested in the field where art is used for societal engagement. We also believe that it contributes to the people already working or aiming to work in art projects or organizations with societal impact. We hope that our readers will not only acquire answers but also new questions; new knowledge and new perspectives building further the content of the book. 4 Table of contents Defining Key Concepts ........................................................................................... 9 Outline of the Book ...............................................................................................15 PART I Perspectives on Art and Societal Impact .............................17 1 Dimensions of the Societal Impact of Art ......................................................19 2 Different Impacts of Art ................................................................................. 22 2.1 Societal Impact ............................................................................................ 22 2.1.1 Impact of Art on Communities ......................................................... 22 2.1.2 Impact of Art on Individuals .............................................................. 25 2.1.3 Impact of Art on Values...................................................................... 27 2.2 Economic Impact ......................................................................................... 27 2.3 Relationship between Impact and Value ......................................................31 2.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 33 3 Policy, Art and Societal Impact ...................................................................... 34 3.1 Policies Connected to Art and Societal Impact ........................................... 36 3.1.1 Cultural Policy .................................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Social Policy ........................................................................................ 39 3.1.3 Education Policy .................................................................................40 3.1.4 Environment Policy .............................................................................41 3.1.5 Economic Policy ................................................................................. 42 3.2 Political Contexts and Politicians ................................................................ 44 3.3 Instruments for Policy Makers .................................................................... 46 3.3.1 Cultural Diplomacy ............................................................................ 46 3.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 47 4 Ethics and Responsibilities of Cultural Managers ........................................ 49 4.1 Ethics, Art and Human Beings..................................................................... 49 4.2 Being an Ethical Manager – Professional Ethics of Cultural Managers .... 55 4.3 Dialogical Approach – Putting Ethics into Practice ................................... 58 4.4 Summary ........................................................................................................61 5 Closing part I ................................................................................................... 62 5.1 Chapter Case I ............................................................................................... 62 5.2 Chapter Case II ............................................................................................. 63 5.3 Additional Reading ....................................................................................... 63 5.4 References ..................................................................................................... 63 5 PART ll Managing Societally Influential Art Projects ..................... 69 6 Understanding Project Management in the Arts ...........................................71 6.1 Definition of Project Management ...............................................................71 6.2 Determinants of Effective Project Management ......................................... 72 6.3 The Role of Project Managers in the Arts .......................................................74 6.4 Summary ........................................................................................................77 7 Phases of Managing Art Projects .................................................................. 78 7.1 Initiating Art Projects ................................................................................... 78 7.2 Planning Art Projects .................................................................................... 79 7.2.1 Financial Planning of Art Projects .....................................................80 7.2.2 Time Planning in Art Projects ............................................................ 82 7.2.3 Planning of Project Evaluation .......................................................... 82 7.3 Implementing Art Projects ........................................................................... 85 7.4 Controlling Art Projects ................................................................................86 7.5 Finalising Art Projects .................................................................................. 87 7.6 Summary ......................................................................................................