Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-8570 2-4 - Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, Third Edition Stephen M. Stahl Index More information Index Page numbers followed by ‘f ’ indicate figures; page numbers followed by ‘t ’ indicate tables. 3PPP, 380f acetylcholine neurotransmitter, 128t 5HIAA (5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid), 483 as psychotropic drug target, 115, 117 in cerebrospinal fluid, 488 acetylcholine receptors, TCA and, 602f acetylcholine transporters, 94t,99f AAADC (aromatic amino acid decarboxylase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 112, 170, 915, 343, 344f 915f AAB-001, 937 donepezil to inhibit, 925f “able stabilizers”, 717, 717f galantamine to inhibit, 930f ABT089, 449 rivastigmine to inhibit, 928f abuse, 945 ACh. See acetylcholine (ACh) acamprosate, 769 ACP 103, 446 actions, in ventral tegmental area (VTA), ACP-104, 375, 380f 978f ACR16, 380f for alcohol dependency, 976 ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), 752, in combos for bipolar disorder, 715 753f icon, 976f actin, 36, 42f ACC-001, 937 action potential, 145, 159, 160f acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), as acetylcholine control over firing, 217 precursor, 914 encoding of, 162f acetylcholine (ACh), 139, 902 ionic components of, 147f in arousal pathways, 396, 398f activity-dependent nociception, 795 and arousal spectrum, 817, 817f acute pain, 796f and blocked dopamine receptors, 339f neuropathic pain, 797f overactivity, 341 activity-dependent spine formation, by production, 914, 914f estradiol, 614f projections, 206, 207f acute pain, 774, 775, 796f via basal forebrain, 208f vs. chronic, 775t psychotropic drugs and, 53, 99, 128, 129 acute stress reaction, 193 reciprocal relationship with dopamine, 338f Adapin. See doxepin (Sinequan, Adapin) and reward, 946, 947f adaptive states, 138 termination of action, 915f adatanserin, 574 for treating nicotine dependence, 960 addiction, 945, 953f. See also substance abuse vesicular transporter for, 102 nicotine and, 955–959 acetylcholine-linked mechanisms, 448 overvalued reward in, 951 1057 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-8570 2-4 - Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, Third Edition Stephen M. Stahl Index More information adenosine, 820, 859 agonists adenylate cyclase, binding to G protein, 70 absence of, 108, 112f ADHD. See attention deficit hyperactivity actions on ion channel, 133f disorder (ADHD) antagonist acting in presence of, 135f adhesion molecules, 31 and G protein-linked receptor, 110–112 and neuronal migration, 30f impact on ligand-gated ion channels, adipose tissue, insulin resistance in, 387, 390f 143f adolescence spectrum, 111f aggressiveness in, 425 and receptor conformation, 378f antidepressants for, 519f agoraphobia, in children, 713 brain restructuring in, 22, 22f,44 agranulocytosis, clozapine and, 410 mania in, 712 akathisia removal of synaptic connections, 42, 314 from aripiprazole, 421 risperidone for treating psychotic disorders, nigrostrial pathway dopamine deficiencies 412 and, 277 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 752, from paroxetine withdrawal, 537 753f from SSRIs, 531 affective blunting, 251 alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASC-T), affective disorders, 454. See also mood disorders glial, 280 stress-induced, novel treatments, 754f alcohol, affective flattening, as SSRI side effect, 356 actions affective spectrum disorders, 556, 776t on reward circuits, 971f norepinephrine and, 546 in ventral tegmental area (VTA), 972f pain in, 802 consumption, vs. sleepiness, 851t “affective storms”, in children, 712 dependency/abuse affective symptoms by ADHD patients, 870 dorsal vs. ventral regulation, 322f social anxiety and, 769 mesolimbic dopamine pathway role in, 274 treatment, 973–977 multiple disorders impacting, 261f GABA-A receptor binding to, 737 pharmacy, 428, 430f heavy drinking in schizophrenia, shared with other disorders, vs. reduced-risk, 973 260 will power to reduce, 975f afferent neurons, peripheral, neuropathic pain icon, 970f and, 785 probability of dependence, 968t age. See also adolescence; children; elderly reduced-risk drinking, 975t synapse formation by, 49f and reward, 970 aggressive symptom pharmacy, 425, 427f alcoholics, smoking by, 970 aggressiveness, 256, 704f aldehyde dehydrogenase, 977 in dementia patients, 935 alertness, 650 multiple disorders impacting, 261f loss in schizophrenic patients, 259 bupropion for, 556 Agilect/Azilect (rasaligine), 579t as SSRI side effect, 530 for Parkinson’s disease, 582 allodynia, 775, 786, 795, 799f aging. See also elderly allosteric modulation, 140, 737, 738 erectile dysfunction and, 1000f alogia, 251, 252t hippocampus sensitivity to, 24, 24f alpha 1 adrenergic receptors normal, 908 atypical antipsychotic agents and, 385f and synapse loss, 25f and sedation, 397f agitation, 547 TCA and, 599, 603f benzodiazepines for, 434 alpha 1 antagonist, for posttraumatic stress in dementia patients, 935 disorder, 770 agnosia, 900 alpha-1 receptor, antagonism, 340f agomelatine (Valdoxan), 574, 658, 844f alpha 1 selective hypnotics, 840f icon, 661f alpha-1 unit, 153, 154f 1058 Index © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-8570 2-4 - Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, Third Edition Stephen M. Stahl Index More information alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, atypical Aβ42 oligomer interference with synaptic antipsychotic agents and, 385f function, 906, 906f alpha 2 antagonists, 414 Aβ42 production, 905f icon, 559f inflammation from plaque formation, and norepinephrine, 560f 907f and serotonin, 560f neuronal dysfunction and loss, 909f as serotonin norepinephrine disinhibitors, tangle formation, 908f 558, 562f amyloid plaques in, 901 alpha 2 delta ligands, 156, 158f Apo-E protein and, 907, 910f for anxiety disorders, 755 cholinergic deficiency, 920 binding of, 798f cholinesterase inhibitors for chronic pain, 801f best responders, 922, 922f in dorsal horn, 800f donepezil, 923, 924f for fibromyalgia, 808 galantamine, 926 and pain gate, 795 palliative responders, 924f potential therapeutic effects, 756f rivastigmine, 924, 926f alpha-2 delta protein, 153 tacrine, 923 gabapentin and pregabalin binding to, treatment outcomes, 921 158 usual responders, 923f alpha-2 delta unit, 155f clinical features, 901t alpha 2 receptors cognitive symptoms, 259 on axon terminal, 478f excitotoxicity and, 48f, 302, 303f blockade of, 559f expected exponential increase, 901 somatodendritic, 475, 479f familial cases early onset, 906 alpha 2A agonists, 891 folate for depression, 935 mechanism of action, 895f glutamate hypothesis of cognitive deficiency, alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 926–930 449 identifying at presymptomatic/prodromal alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors, 959, 960f stage, 911f reinforcement and, 958f neurofibrillary tangles in, 901 alpha-7-nicotinic cholinergic agonists, 448 problems with studies of, 912 alpha 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors, 918 symptom pattern onset, 913f alpha amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- symptomatic treatments in development, 940 isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) symptoms shared with schizophrenia, 258, receptors, 286, 286f 259, 259f synapses with, 313f treatment, 128, 129 alpha APP, 903 untreated time course, 921f alpha heliz, 109f amantadine, 440 alpha-L-glutamyl transferace, 627 for bipolar disorder, 695 alpha pore icon, 696f of voltage-sensitive calcium channels, 154f mechanism of action of voltage-sensitive sodium channels, 151f on GABA, glutamate, sigma, and anticonvulsant binding, 151 dopamine, 676t alpha secretase, 902 VSSCs, synaptic vesicles, and carbonic alpha subunit, 147, 148f anhydrase, 675t alprazolam (Xanax), 53 possible actions in bipolar disorder, 698f and CYP 450 3A4, 608 putative clinical actions, 673t and sedation, 609 amenorrhea, 278, 336 alprostadil, 1004 American College of Rheumatology, criteria for ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) fibromyalgia, 805t excitotoxicity and, 48f American Psychiatric Association, 178 riluzole for, 685f amibegron, 662 Alzheimer’s disease, 426, 900 amines, 52t amyloid cascade hypothesis, 902 d-amino acid oxidase (DAO), 284f Index 1059 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-8570 2-4 - Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications, Third Edition Stephen M. Stahl Index More information amino acid transporters, 94t manic episode symptoms linked to, 506 inhibitory, 94t noradrenergic receptor simulation in, 547 amino acids, 52t overactive circuits, 745f to close VSSC, 148 regulating anxiety in, 241 for ligand-gated ion channels, 126 response to emotional input, 324 regulation of calcium channels, 153 and schizophrenia symptoms, 262f in voltage-gated ion channels, 147 serotonin and fear processing by, 234 amisulpride, 376, 380f amylin, 450 and cardiometabolic risk, 386t amyloid, and glutamate steady leak, 928 clinical actions of, 371 amyloid cascade hypothesis for Alzheimer’s and diabetes, 417 disease, 902, 905f for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, neuronal dysfunction and loss, 909f 428f amyloid plaques, 903 pharmacological icon, 423f in Alzheimer’s disease, 901 and QTc prolongation, 417 and glutamate excitotoxicity, 932f amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep, Tryptizol, and glutamate release, 927 Loroxyl), 53, 572, 597t treatment development to act on, 937 amnesia, 900 amyloid precursor protein (APP), 902 amotivational syndrome, 986 processing into Aβ peptides, amoxapine (Asendin), 419, 420f