soil part full sun/ z: zone wet moist dry full no sun shade shade pref. h: height TREES s: spread Plant Symbol Legend Acer rubrum - Red Maple March-April. Street and shade tree Herbaceous Perennials z: 3 h: 40’-70’ Trees s: 30’-50’ Shrubs Amelanchier laevis - Allgheny Wetland Obligate Serviceberry. March-April. Fragrant. z: 3 Edible h: 15’-25’ s: 15’-25’ Cut Flowers Wildlife Attractor Betula papyrifera - Paper Birch April. Acidic, sandy/silty loams. Require Extra Care z: 2 h: 50’-70’ Winter Interest s: 25’-35’ Rain Garden Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis - Thornless Honey Locust. May-June. Drought Tolerant Wind and salt tolerant. Good for beach/ streets. Fall Foliage z: 3 h: 60’-80’ s: 60’-80’ Tsuga canadensis - Canadian Hemlock April. Rock, cool soils. Sensitive to salt. z: 3 h: 50’-75’ s: 25’-35’ Trees have the biggest impact on the quality of the watershed. The presence of trees near shore banks provides shade for animal habitats and absorbs rain water. Their deep and spreading roots increase soil stability and prevent erosion control. 30 soil part full sun/ full no z: zone wet moist dry sun shade shade pref. h: height HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS s: spread Flowers Symbol legend on page 25. Anemone canadensis - Windflower Eupatoriadelphus maculatum - Monarda punctata - Spotted Beebalm April-June. Sandy soil. Clumping. Joe Pye Weed. July to October. Juny-July. Sandy soil. Clumps/spreads. np z: 4 Adaptable. Leave flower heads in fall. z: 3 h: 1’-3’ z: 4 h: 1.5’-2’ s: 3’ h: 3’-5’ s: 1’ s: 1’-4’ Aquilegia canadensis - Columbine Geranium maculatum - Wild Geranium Oenothera pilosella - Meadow Evening April-May. Sandy. April-July. Acidic soil. Clumping. Primrose. July-August. Adaptable. z: 3 z: 4 h: 2’-3’ z: 4 h: .5’-2’ s: 1’-1.5’ h: 3’-5’ s: Varies s: 1’-4’ Asclepias incarnata - Swamp Milkweed Iris versicolor - Blue Flag Iris Penstemon hirsutus - Hairy Beardtongue July-August. Adaptable. May-June. Clumping. Juny-July. Shallow, well-drained. z: 3 z: 3 z: 3 h: 4’-5’ h: 2’-2.5’ h: 1.5’-2’ s: 2’-3’ s: 2’-2.5’ s: Varies Ascelpias tuberosa - Butterfly Milkweed Lavandula angustifolia - Lavender Phlox paniculata - Phlox June-August. Well drained. June-August. Non-native. July-September. Tolerates clay. z: 3 z: 3 z: 5 h: 2’-4’ h: 1’-3’ h: 1’-1.5’ s: 2’-3’ s: 1’-1.5’ s: 1’-1.5’ Baptisia australis - Blue Wild Indigo Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinal Flower Ratibida pinnata - Yellow Coneflower May-June. July-September. July-August. Tolerates clay. z: 3 z: 4 z: 3 h: 4.5’-5.5’ h: 2’-4’ h: 2’-4’ s: 2’-3’ s: 3’-4’ s: 1’-2’ Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - New Echinacea purpurea - Coneflower Lobelia siphilitica - Great Blue Lobelia England Aster. August-September. June-August. Well-drained soil. July-September. Tolerates clay. Lots of wildlife. z: 3 z: 3 z: 4 h: 2’-5’ h: 2’-4’ h: 2’-5’ s: 1.5’-2’ s: 1’-2’ s: 2’-3’ 31 soil part full sun/ full no z: zone wet moist dry sun shade shade pref. h: height HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS s: spread Ferns Tradescantia virginiana - Spiderwort Carex stricta - Tussock Sedge Athyrium filix-femina - Lady Fern August-September. Acidic. May-June. Nesting habitat. Clumping and spreading. np z: 4 z: 3 z: 4 h: 1.5’-3’ h: 1’-3’ h: 1’-3’ s: 1’-3’ s: 1’-2’ s: 1-2.5’ Veronicastrum virginicum - Culver’s Root Carex vulpinoidea - Fox Sedge. July- Matteuccia struthlopteris - Ostrich Fern June-July. Rain gardens. August. Clumping. Erosion control. Tolerates clay soils. Fiddleheads. z: 3 z: 3 h: 4’-7’ z: 3 h: 3’- 6’ s: 2’-4’ h: 1’-3’ s: 5’-8’ s: .5’-2’ Grasses Andropogon gerardii - Big Bluestem Panicum virgatum - Switchgrass Osmunda regalis - Royal Fern September-February. Erosion control. July-February. Erosion control. Salt Forms clusters. Full sun if kept moist. Cut to ground in spring. Winter interest. Tolerant. Clumping. z: 3 z: 4 z: 4 h: 2’-3’ h: 4’-6’ h: 3’-6’ s: 2’-3’ s: 2’-3’ s: 2’-3’ Aristidia purpurea - Purple Threeawn Schizachyrium scoparium - Little Polystichum acrostichoides - Christmas May-September. Dry soils. Bluestem. August-November. Salt Fern. Evergreen. Erosion control. Full tolerant. Erosion control. Purpleish. sun if moist z: 3 z: 3 z: 3 h: 1’-3’ h: 3’-5’ s: 1’-1.5’ h: 2’-3’ s: 1’-2’ s: 2’-3’ Carex grayi - Gray Sedge Sorghastrum nutans - Indiangrass Thelypteris noveboracensis - New York May-October. Salt tolerant. Steptember-February. Erosion control. Fern. Groundcover. Grow in tufts. z: 5 z: 4 z: 3 h: 2’-3’ h: 2’-4’ h: 1’-2’ s: 1.5’-2’ s: 1’-2’ s: 1’-3’ Carex lurida - Lurid Sedge. Carex appalachica- Appalachian Sedge Adiantum pedatum - Maidenhair Fern May-September. May-September. Groundcover. z: 3 z: 3 h: 1.5’-3’ h: 2’-4’ z: 3 s: 1’-2’ s: 1’-2’ h: 1’-1.5’ s: 1’-1.5’ 32 soil part full sun/ full no z: zone wet moist dry sun shade shade pref. h: height SHRUBS s: spread Aronia arbutifolia - Red Chokeberry Myrica gale -Sweetgale. July- Vaccinium angustifolium - Lowbush April. Erosion control.Toleraes clay. September. Fragrant. Shorelines. Blueberry. May-June. Acidic soil. np z: 4 z: 2 z: 3 h: 6’-8’ h: 3’-6’ h: .5’-2’ s: 3’-4’ s: 3’-6’ s: .5’-1’ Aronia melonocarpa - Black Chokeberry Ribes americanum - Wild Black Currant Vaccinium corymbosum - Highbush May. Fruit is edible. April-May. Delcious purple berries. * Blueberry. May-June. Acidic. z: 3 z: 2 z: 3 h: 3’-6’ h: 3’-6’ h: 6’-12’ s: 3’-6’ s: 1’-4’ s: 6’-12’ Cephalanthus occidentalis - Buttonbush Salix discolor - Pussy Willow Viburnum trilobum - American Cranberry June. Erosion control. April-May. Erosion control. April-June. z: 4 z: 2 z: 2 h: 5’-12’ h: 6’-15’ h: 6’-12’ s: 4’-8’ s: 4’-12’ s: 6’-12’ Clethra alnifolia - Summersweet Sambucus canadensis - Elderberry July to August. Fragrant. June-July. Low maintenance. z: 4 z: 3 h: 3’-8’ h: 6’-12’ s: Varies s: 6’-12’ Cornus sericea - Red Osier Dogwood Spiraea alba - Meadowsweet May-June. Erosion control. Spreads. Long blooms midsummer. z: 2 z: 3 h: 6’-9’ h: 3’-4’ s: 8’-12’ s: 3’-6’ Ilex verticillata - Winterberry Spiraea tomentosa- Steeplebush June-July. Erosion control. July-September. Mound form. z: 3 z: 4 h: 3’-12’ h: 3’-6’ s: 3’-12’ s: 3’-6’ * Do no plant Ribes americanum near white pines 33 ALTERNATIVE PLANT CHOICES If the plants highlighted up above are not to your liking or are unavailable, here is a list of alternative plant options we would recommend. Use the plant database links from the resources page to learn a bit more about these plants. Herbacious Perennials Agastache foeniculum Anise Hyssop Diervilla lonicera Bush-honeysuckle Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Penstemon digitalis Smooth White Beardtongue/Foxglove Rudbeckia triloba Brown-Eyed Susan Solidago rugosa Goldenrod Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Shrubs Aronia prunifolia Purple Chokeberry Corylus americana Hazelnut/American Filbert Hamamelis virginiana Common Witchhazel Kalmia angustfolia Sheep Laurel Ribes hirtellum Northern Gooseberry Ribes triste Swamp Red Currant Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elderberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Lingonberry Viburnum lentago Nannyberry Viburnum Viburnum prunifolium Blackhaw Viburnum Trees Alnus rugosa Speckled Alder Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry/Juneberry/Shadbush Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch Betula nigra River Birch Carya Ovata Shagbark Hickory Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Quercus rubra Red Oak Thuja occidentalis Eastern White Cedar/Northern White Cedar/Swamp Cedar Tilia americana American Basswood 34.