EUROPEAN AND US LEVEES AND FLOOD DEFENCES Characteristics, Risks and Governance DIGUES ET OUVRAGES DE PROTECTION CONTRE LES INONDATIONS D’EUROPE ET DES USA Caractéristiques, Risques et Gouvernance EUCOLD Working Group on Levees and Flood Defences July 2018 Edition CFBR – 2019 www.barrages-cfbr.eu European and US levees and flood defences Characteristics, Risks and Governance ISBN 979-10-96371-08-2– dépôt légal 1er trimestre 2019 Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 3.0 France. Pour accéder à une copie de cette licence, merci de vous rendre à l'adresse suivante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/fr. Impression Irstea En couverture : Digue en RG du Petit Rhône (lieu-dit Beaumont) © Rémy Tourment European and US Levees and Flood Defences Characteristics, Risks and Governance 1 July 2018 Elbe-Levee in the Woerlitz Park, Germany (Reinhard Pohl) EUCOLD Working Group on International Commission USSD Levees Committe Levees and Flood Defences on Large Dams European and US Levees and Flood Defences - Characteristics, risks and governance 1 NOTICE - DISCLAIMER: This document has been drafted with care but we cannot guarantee that it covers all aspects of the discussed topics. One must pay attention to the fact that the report gives only a summary of levee-related information in each Country. It is impossible to explain all the details and the intricacies of the laws, standards, etc. This document also refers to some legislation. Especially on this topic, the information, analyses and conclusions in this document have no legal force and must not be considered as substituting for legally- enforceable official regulations. They are intended for the use of experienced professionals who are responsible to judge their pertinence and applicability. We decline all responsibility whatsoever for how the information herein is interpreted and used. Do not read on unless you accept this disclaimer without reservation. 2 European and US Levees and Flood Defences - Characteristics, risks and governance European and US Levees and Flood Defences Report Characteristics, Risks and Governance Working Group on Levees and Flood Defences Country Member(s) B Patrik PEETERS 1), 2) CH Christian HOLZGANG 1) CZ Jaromir RIHA 1) CZ Ivan Vanícek D Reinhard POHL 1), 2) ES Ignacio ESCUDER ES Francisco Javier SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ 1) ES Ms Jessica CASTILLO RODRIGUEZ FI Juha LAASONEN FI Ms Eija ISOMÄKI 1) FR Rémy TOURMENT (WG Chairman)1), 2) FR Sebastien PATOUILLARD FR Thibaut MALLET FR Yann DENIAUD FR Bruno BEULLAC 1) HU Ms Katalin SZABÓ 1) IT Matteo SBARIGIA 1) IT Fabio DE POLO IT Ms Silvia BERSAN NL Marcel BOTTEMA (WG Secretary) 1), 2) NL Cees Henk OOSTINGA NL Robert SLOMP NL Bas JONKMAN NL Meindert VAN2) NL Bob MAASKANT NL Hans JANSSEN PL Janus ZALESKI PL Krzysztof RADZICKI PL Edmund SIEINSKI RO Altan ABDULAMIT1) RO Sorin RANDASU RU Timofei IVANOV SLO Andrej KRYZANOWSKI SLO Ms Nina HUMAR UK Ms Jackie BANKS UK Jonathan SIMM UK Andrew PEPPER UK Adrian RUSHWORTH 1), 2) US Ms Elena Sossenkina 1) US Scott Raschke 1) Country author, 2) Technical Editorial Team European and US Levees and Flood Defences - Characteristics, risks and governance 3 Current Updating Country Update Belgium 2017 Czech Republic 2016 England 2017 Finland 2018 France 2018 Germany 2016 Italy 2016 Netherlands 2018 Spain 2016 Switzerland 2017 USA 2016 4 European and US Levees and Flood Defences - Characteristics, risks and governance Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 10 2 Belgium .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Facts and figures on Belgian levees and flood defences ....................................................... 12 2.2 Protected value, safety standards and flood risk .................................................................. 14 2.3 Recent major floods and (near-)failures of levees ................................................................ 16 2.4 Legislation and governance in Belgium ................................................................................. 19 2.5 Guidelines and good practice ................................................................................................ 19 2.6 Common practices during Levee Life Cycle ........................................................................... 20 2.7 Critical knowledge and data gaps; critical research needs ................................................... 20 2.8 Summary of key facts ............................................................................................................ 21 2.9 References ............................................................................................................................. 21 3 Czech Republic ............................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Facts and figures on Czech levees and flood defences ......................................................... 22 3.2 Protected value, safety standards and flood risk .................................................................. 25 3.3 Recent major floods and (near-)failures of levees ................................................................ 28 3.4 Legislation and governance in the Czech Republic ............................................................... 29 3.5 Guidelines and good practices .............................................................................................. 32 3.6 Common practices during Levee Life Cycle ........................................................................... 33 3.7 Critical knowledge and data gaps; critical research needs ................................................... 34 3.8 Summary of key facts ............................................................................................................ 34 3.9 References ............................................................................................................................. 35 4 England .......................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Facts and figures on levees and flood defences .................................................................... 37 4.2 Protected value, safety standards and flood risk in England ................................................ 37 4.3 Recent major floods and (near-)failures of levees ................................................................ 38 4.4 Legislation and governance ................................................................................................... 40 4.5 Guidelines and good practice ................................................................................................ 42 4.6 Common practices during Levee Life Cycle ........................................................................... 42 4.7 Critical knowledge and data gaps; critical research needs ................................................... 43 4.8 Summary of key facts ............................................................................................................ 43 4.9 References ............................................................................................................................. 44 5 Finland ........................................................................................................................................... 45 5.1 Facts and figures on levees and flood defences .................................................................... 46 5.2 Protected value, safety standards and flood risk in Finland ................................................. 46 5.3 Recent major floods and (near-)failures of levees ................................................................ 47 5.4 Legislation and governance ................................................................................................... 47 European and US Levees and Flood Defences - Characteristics, risks and governance 5 5.5 Guidelines and good practices .............................................................................................. 49 5.6 Common practices during Levee Life Cycle ........................................................................... 49 5.7 Critical knowledge and data gaps; critical research needs ................................................... 51 5.8 Summary of key facts ............................................................................................................ 51 5.9 References ............................................................................................................................. 51 6 France ............................................................................................................................................ 52 6.1 Facts and figures on French levees and flood defences ........................................................ 52 There are no major, moveable storm surge barriers, except some harbour locks. .............................. 52 6.2 Protected value, safety standards and flood risk in France .................................................. 54 Safety standards .................................................................................................................................... 54 Actual