I. WALSHE T. KHIMUNINA N. KONON GBGREAT BRITAIN: CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS St.-Petersburg ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë Ó63 Óîëø È. À., Õèìóíèíà Ò. Í., Êîíîí Í. Â. Ó 63 Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ: îáû÷àè è òðàäèöèè. ÑÏá.: Àíòîëîãèÿ, 2005. 224 ñ., èë. ISBN 5-94962-090-9 Îñíîâíîå îòëè÷èå êíèãè â òîì, ÷òî áûò, òðàäèöèè è îáû÷àè ðÿäîâûõ àíãëè÷àí ïîêàçûâàþòñÿ áåç êàêîãî-ëèáî ïðåëîìëåíèÿ, ãëàçàìè ñàìèõ àíãëè÷àí. Îíà çíàêîìèò íå òîëüêî ñ êàëåíäàðíûìè è ñåìåéíûìè ïðàçäíèêàìè, ïîïóëÿðíûìè ñïîñîáàìè ïðîâåäåíèÿ äîñóãà, íî è ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè òîðæåñòâàìè, ôåñòèâàëÿìè, ïðîèñõîäÿùèìè â ðàçíûõ ÷àñòÿõ Àíãëèè â òå÷åíèå ãîäà. Êíèãà ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà â êà÷åñòâå ïîñîáèÿ ïî ñòðàíîâåäåíèþ äëÿ èçó÷àþùèõ àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê è êóëüòóðó Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè. ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë © Óîëø È. À., Õèìóíèíà Ò. Í., Êîíîí Í. Â., 2005 ISBN 5-94962-090-9 © Àíòîëîãèÿ, 2005 Îò ñîñòàâèòåëåé Íàêîíåö-òî êíèãà îá àíãëèéñêèõ îáû÷àÿõ, ñîñòàâëåííàÿ íà êàôåäðå àíãëèéñêîé ôèëîëîãèè (ËÃÓ), âûøëà â ñâåò â òîì âèäå, êàê îíà áûëà çàäóìàíà ñîðîê ëåò íàçàä. Èäåÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïîñîáèÿ ïî ñòðàíîâåäåíèþ ïðèíàäëåæèò íàøåìó îáùåìó Ó÷èòåëþ Âåðå Ðîìàíîâíå Êóïðèÿíîâîé, êîòîðàÿ áûëà ñîñòàâèòåëåì è êîììåíòàòîðîì çàìå÷àòåëüíîé êíèãè äëÿ ÷òåíèÿ «A Book of England», èçäàí- íîé â 1963 ãîäó. Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî îäíè òðàäèöèè ñóùåñòâóþò âåêàìè (÷ó÷åëî Ãàÿ Ôîêñà ñæèãàþò íà êîñòðå âîò óæå 400 ëåò, 5 íîÿáðÿ êàæäîãî ãîäà), à äðóãèå íå çàäåðæèâàþòñÿ (Îëäåðìàñòîíñêèå ìàðøè ìèðà íà ïàñõàëüíîé íåäåëå àêòèâíî ïðîèñõîäèëè â 19581963 ãã., à òåïåðü èõ ñìåíèëè äðóãèå ôîðìû áîðüáû çà ðàçîðóæåíèå); îäíàêî è òå è äðóãèå îñòàþòñÿ â àíãëèéñêîé èñòîðèè, î íèõ âñïîìèíàþò â õóäîæåñòâåííîé ëèòåðàòóðå è êèíîôèëüìàõ, î íèõ ïèøóò ñîöèîëîãè è ïîëèòîëîãè.  êíèãó âêëþ÷å- íû è âîçíèêøèå ñîâñåì íåäàâíî òðàäèöèè (íàïðèìåð, ëàòèíîàìåðèêàíñêèé êàðíàâàë â Ëîíäîíå). Ïîìîùü è ïîääåðæêó ïðè îáíîâëåíèè êíèãè îêàçàëè íåñêîëüêî áðèòàíñêèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ (ëèíã- âèñòû, ëèòåðàòóðîâåäû, ïîëèòîëîã, þðèñò, ìóçûêîâåä) è äåñÿòêè ëþäåé, çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ â ðàçâè- òèè ñâÿçåé ìåæäó íàøèìè ñòðàíàìè. 5 Contents ÎÒ ÑÎÑÒÀÂÈÒÅËÅÉ ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter I BRITAIN ROUND THE CALENDAR PUBLIC HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS ...................................................................................... 17 PUBLIC HOLIDAYS 1995............................................................................................................. 17 NEW YEAR IN ENGLAND..................................................................................................................... 18 IRST OOT.................................................................................................................................... 19 THE NIGHT O HOGMANAY..................................................................................................... 20 NEW YEARS DAY OR THE MORNING ATER THE NIGHT BEORE........................ 21 THE LAMBEAUX PROCESSION ............................................................................................. 22 TAR-BARREL BURNING............................................................................................................. 22 AULD LANG SYNE....................................................................................................................... 22 ST.VALENTINES DAY EBRUARY 14............................................................................................ 23 VALENTINE GITS ....................................................................................................................... 24 PANCAKE DAY ....................................................................................................................................... 25 PANCAKE BELL ........................................................................................................................... 26 PANCAKE RACE .......................................................................................................................... 26 THE OLNEY PANCAKE RACE .................................................................................................. 27 PANCAKE GREAZE ..................................................................................................................... 27 SHROVETIDE OOTBALL .......................................................................................................... 27 Ashbournes Shrovetide ootball.................................................................................................28 STUDENT RAGS ............................................................................................................................ 28 MOTHERING SUNDAY (MOTHERS DAY) .............................................................................................................................. 29 EASTER...................................................................................................................................................... 30 GOOD RIDAY .............................................................................................................................. 30 EASTER ........................................................................................................................................... 30 ANCIENT TRADITIONS .............................................................................................................. 31 EASTER EGGS ................................................................................................................................ 31 EGG-ROLLING ............................................................................................................................... 32 7 HOT GROSS BUNS........................................................................................................................ 32 LONDONS EASTER PARADE................................................................................................... 33 EASTER PEACE MARCHES........................................................................................................ 33 Easter Peace Marches 19781980 ............................................................................................. 34 March 1978 .................................................................................................................................. 34 Anti-Bomb Petition on Streets .................................................................................................... 34 20th Anniversary of the irst Aldermaston March..................................................................... 34 April 1980 .................................................................................................................................... 34 World Disarmament Convention ................................................................................................. 34 The H-Bombs Thunder .............................................................................................................. 35 APRIL OOLS DAY ............................................................................................................................... 36 ALL OOLS DAY ......................................................................................................................... 36 A PRACTICAL JOKE .................................................................................................................... 37 AN APRIL OOLS DAY HOAX ................................................................................................. 37 MAY DAY (MAY 1) ................................................................................................................................. 38 MAY 1 DAY O SOLIDARITY ................................................................................................ 38 MAYPOLE....................................................................................................................................... 38 MAY QUEEN .................................................................................................................................. 39 MERRY ENGLAND AND LONDON MAY QUEEN ESTIVAL ............................................ 39 LABOUR DAY (MAY DAY) ........................................................................................................ 40 MANY MAY DAY MILESTONES............................................................................................... 40 MAY SPRING ESTIVAL .............................................................................................................40 WHITSUNTIDE......................................................................................................................................... 41 CHEESE-ROLLING........................................................................................................................ 41 MORRIS DANCING....................................................................................................................... 41 SPRING BANK HOLIDAY .................................................................................................................... 42 LATE SUMMER BANK HOLIDAY............................................................................................. 42 HAPPY HAMPSTEAD .................................................................................................................. 43 THE NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL .............................................................................................. 43 How They Line up for Londons Loudest, Liveliest Carnival ...................................................