Photo by Pablo Sanchez Quiza New and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries: A Comprehensive Landscape Analysis Environmental Defense Fund | Oceans Technology Solutions | April 2021 New and Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Fisheries: A Comprehensive Landscape Analysis Authors: Christopher Cusack, Omisha Manglani, Shems Jud, Katie Westfall and Rod Fujita Environmental Defense Fund Nicole Sarto and Poppy Brittingham Nicole Sarto Consulting Huff McGonigal Fathom Consulting To contact the authors please submit a message through: edf.org/oceans/smart-boats edf.org | 2 Contents List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................7 2. Transformative Technologies......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Sensors ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Satellite remote sensing ...........................................................................................................................12 2.3 Data Collection Platforms ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Smartphones .................................................................................................................................................14 2.5 Citizen scientists ........................................................................................................................................ 15 2.6 Data connectivity ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.7 Artificial Intelligence .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.8 Data Systems and the Cloud ...................................................................................................................17 2.9 Fishing gear modifications .......................................................................................................................17 2.10 Biotech ......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3. On-the-Water Activities .................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Accounting for fisheries catch and effort ...................................................................................... 19 3.1.1 Electronic Monitoring ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Electronic Reporting ............................................................................................................................21 3.1.3 Remote sensing for estimating catch and effort .....................................................................22 3.1.4 Shore-based cameras .......................................................................................................................22 3.2 Compliance monitoring ............................................................................................................................23 3.2.1 Vessel tracking devices .....................................................................................................................23 3.2.2 Remote Tracking for Monitoring, Control and Surveillance .................................................24 3.3 Stock abundance and productivity estimation .................................................................................25 3.3.1 Visual camera surveys .......................................................................................................................25 3.3.2 Acoustics for assessments .............................................................................................................26 3.3.3 eDNA and genetics ............................................................................................................................27 3.4 Ocean ecosystem monitoring ................................................................................................................28 3.4.1 Mapping ocean ecosystems ............................................................................................................28 3.4.2 Pollution monitoring ..........................................................................................................................29 3.4.3 Monitoring marine animal health ..................................................................................................30 3.4.4 Acoustic ecosystem monitoring ....................................................................................................30 3.4.5 Monitoring coral reef health ........................................................................................................... 31 3.4.6 Oceanographic observing ................................................................................................................ 31 edf.org | 3 3.5 Increasing the transparency of the supply chain ............................................................................32 3.5.1 Reducing seafood fraud ....................................................................................................................33 3.5.2 Sourcing responsible seafood ........................................................................................................33 3.5.3 Tracking small-scale seafood .........................................................................................................34 3.6 Data integration and management ......................................................................................................35 3.6.1 Improving fishing operations ..........................................................................................................35 3.6.2 Deriving new value from an ocean data ecosystem ...............................................................36 4. Ocean Technologies Funding Environment ..............................................................................................38 4.1 Funding sources ..........................................................................................................................................39 4.1.1 Domestic governments ......................................................................................................................40 4.1.2 Bilateral aid agencies .........................................................................................................................42 4.1.3 International financial institutions.................................................................................................42 4.1.4 Multilateral Institutions .....................................................................................................................44 4.1.5 Philanthropic foundations ................................................................................................................44 4.1.6 Non-governmental organizations ..................................................................................................47 4.1.7 Private finance .....................................................................................................................................48 4.1.8 Accelerators ..........................................................................................................................................49 4.2 Recent funding activities .........................................................................................................................50 4.2.1 Increasing amount & diversity of funding................................................................................... 51 4.2.2 Recent trends by technology type ................................................................................................ 51 4.2.3 Exceptions to increasing trends ....................................................................................................53 4.3 Future outlook .............................................................................................................................................53 4.3.1 Transparency ........................................................................................................................................53 4.3.2 Data integration, access and use ..................................................................................................54 4.3.3 Institutional capacity building ........................................................................................................54 4.3.4 Implementation conditions .............................................................................................................54 4.3.5 Small-scale fisheries .........................................................................................................................55 4.3.6 Scientific research .............................................................................................................................56