APTE CH R NGSSS SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, MANIFEST and consequences of United States westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness (War 13 of 1812, Convention of 1818, DESTINY Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How does geography influence the way people live? Why Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican American War/Mexican Cession, does conflict develop? How do new ideas change the way people live? California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Iowa and Florida were both admitted into the Union at the same Gadsden Purchase). time, in 1845, so that the balance of free and slave states could remain equal. As a result of the Act of Admission, Floridians elected William D. Moseley, the first state governor of Florida. Be it enacted, by the Senate and House“ of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the states of Iowa and Florida be and the same are hereby, declared to be States of the United States of America, and are hereby admitted into the Union on equal footing with the original States in all respects whatsoever. AN ACT FOR” THE ADMISSION OF THE STATES OF IOWA AND FLORIDA INTO THE UNION on equal footing PHOTO: PHOTO: Collection Photographic Florida WhatWh t ddoes the th tterm ““on equal footing” mean here? DBQ BREAKING IT DOWN When new states joined the country they were given the same rights and powers as states that had been Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. part of the country since the country began. Do you think that is fair? List two reasons why it might be fair and two reasons why it might not be fair. netw rksTM There’s More Online! Manifest Destiny Chapter 13 215 215_230_DOPA_WB_C13_661734.indd 215 9/15/11 11:54 AM NGSSS SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, N and consequences of United States SO S westward expansion and its growing E diplomatic assertiveness (War of L THE OREGON 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest COUNTRY Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican 1 American War/Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase). Essential Question SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence How does geography influence the way people live? of individuals on social and political developments of this era in American History. Guiding Questions 1. Why did Americans want to control the Oregon Country? 2. What is Manifest Destiny? Where in the World? Terms to Know Oregon Country joint occupation people from two countries 54°40'N Alaska (Russia) Oregon Country can occupy an area Mexico mountain man BRITISH Claimed by U.S. and Mexico Oregon Trail person who lived in the Rocky 49°N OREGON TERRITORY Bou Mountains and made his living ndar y (1846 by trapping beaver for the furs ) COUNTRY emigrants Champoeg people who leave their country N E prairie schooner W a wagon with a canvas UNITED STATES S covering used by pioneers in MEXICO Independence the mid-1800s to travel West PACIFIC ATLANTIC Manifest Destiny OCEAN OCEAN belief that the United States was destined by God to extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean When Did It Happen? Copyright 18401840S AmericansAmerica 18461 © 18241824 by RussiaRussia givesgives upu bbeginegin ttheh “great UnitedU States T 18361836 migratimigration”o aand Britain he cclaimlaim to OreOregong Whitmans arrive to OreOregongo aagree to 49˚N Mc 1819 G in Oregon aas border ra Adams-Onís Treaty oof Oregon w-H i ll Companies , I nc. 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 216 Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny 215_230_DOPA_WB_C13_661734.indd 216 9/15/11 11:54 AM netw rksTM Read Chapter 13 Lesson 1 in your textbook or online. Mark the Text 1. Underline the country that gave Rivalry in the Northwest up its claims to Oregon in the The Oregon Country covered much more land than today’s Adams-Onís Treaty. state of Oregon. Oregon, Washington, Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming were all included in it. In the early 1800s, four countries claimed the Oregon Think Critically Country. They were Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the PHOTO: PHOTO: Images Falconer/PhotoLink/Getty 2. Explain What is joint United States. In 1819, the United States and Spain signed the occupation? Which two countries Adams-Onís Treaty. Spain gave up its claims in the Oregon agreed to joint occupation Country. They agreed that the border of its territory was the of Oregon? northern border of California. Russia also gave up its claim to land south of Alaska. Britain would not give up its claim. The United States and Great Britain agreed to joint occupation. This meant that settlers from both countries could live there. The first Americans to live in the Oregon Country were fur trappers. These men would trap beaver for their skins. Fur companies bought the skins to sell as furs in the United States and Europe. The fur trappers were called mountain men. The mountain men traded with Native Americans. Many adopted Native American ways. They often dressed in the same type Show Your Skill of clothes and sometimes had Native American wives. 3. Formulate Questions What For years the trappers made their living trading furs. is one question you would ask But they trapped so many beaver that there were almost none a mountain man who had been left. The mountain men had to find other jobs. Some became forced to give up trapping furs? farmers. Others used their knowledge of the area to guide settlers on the long trip to the Oregon Country. The route they used most often was called the Oregon Trail. Parts of the original Oregon Trail can still be hiked today. Stone markers like this one can be found at many locations along the trail from Missouri to Oregon. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Oregon Country Lesson 1 217 215_230_DOPA_WB_C13_661734.indd 217 3/31/11 12:00 PM Show Your Skill Oregon and Manifest Destiny 4. Identify Cause and Effect Soon Americans heard about the good farmland in Oregon. Why were the Whitmans killed? Many traveled there to settle. Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa went to Oregon in 1836. They built a mission among the Cayuse people. The Cayuse were Native Americans who lived near what is now Walla Walla, Washington. The Whitmans wanted to convert the Cayuse to Christianity. They also wanted to provide medical care. Settlers traveling to Oregon often stopped to rest at the Whitman’s mission. In 1847 the people at the mission began getting measles. Many Cayuse children died. The Cayuse Mark the Text blamed the Whitmans for these deaths. They attacked the 5. Graphic Organizer Complete mission. They killed the Whitmans and eleven others. the graphic organizer to explain Settlers kept coming to Oregon. Reports of fertile land how each is connected to the attracted many of them. Others faced economic hard times “great migration” to the West. in the East. They wanted a fresh start. These pioneers were called emigrants. Emigrants are people who leave their home country for another place. Mountain Men Prairie Schooners Oregon Trail Great Migration Poor Economic Conditions Whitman’s Mission Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Fertile Land 218 Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny 215_230_DOPA_WB_C13_661734.indd 218 3/31/11 12:00 PM This recreated prairie schooner is near Scotts Bluff, Nebraska. Wagon trains used landmarks such as this bluff for navigation on the journey. To reach Oregon, they had to travel about 2,000 difficult Show Your Skill miles. They packed everything they owned in covered wagons. 6. Draw Conclusions “Manifest These wagons were called prairie schooners. From a distance, Destiny” meant that America had they looked like a ship called a schooner. Even though it was a special mission. What was that a very hard trip, thousands of people started for Oregon. This mission? was called the “great migration.” A migration is when many people move to the same place. In the early 1800s, many Americans thought the nation had a special role to play in the world. Many Americans thought they should spread freedom by settling the whole continent, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Newspaper editor John O’Sullivan called this mission “Manifest Destiny.” The name caught on, and everyone started talking about it. Take the Challenge Some Americans thought the United States should own all 7. Draw a prairie schooner on a sheet of Oregon. James K. Polk ran for president in 1846. He believed of drawing paper and label the in Manifest Destiny. His campaign slogan was “Fifty-four Forty parts. Make a list of some of the or Fight!” This meant that the United States claimed Oregon items that would be carried PHOTO: Richard Cummins/CORBIS to the line on the map of latitude 54˚ 40’. in the prairie schooner. The British did not agree to this. The border was finally set at latitude 49˚N. James K. Polk won the election because of his support for Manifest Destiny. NGSSS Check What were the emigrants who moved west hoping to find? SS.8.A.4.8 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Oregon Country Lesson 1 219 215_230_DOPA_WB_C13_661734.indd 219 3/31/11 12:01 PM NGSSS SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, N and consequences of United States SO FOR S westward expansion and its growing E diplomatic assertiveness (War L STATEHOOD of 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri TEXAS Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail AND of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest FLORIDA Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican 2 American War/Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase).