International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ORIGINAL: ENGLISH TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Erik Møse, presiding Judge Sergei Alekseevich Egorov Judge Florence Rita Arrey Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 14 July 2009 THE PROSECUTOR v. Tharcisse RENZAHO Case No. ICTR-97-31-T JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE The Prosecution The Defence Jonathan Moses François Cantier Katya Melluish Barnabé Nekuie Shamus Mangan The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Renzaho, Case No. ICTR-97-31-T TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Preliminary Matters ................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Notice ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Objections to the Form of the Indictment .......................................................... 6 2.1.2 Prejudice Due to Variations of the Indictments and Prosecution Witnesses ............................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Alleged Denial of a Fair Trial .................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Rule 68 ............................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Rule 92 bis ........................................................................................................ 12 2.2.3 Access to Defence Evidence ............................................................................ 13 2.2.4 Factors Affecting the Proceedings ................................................................... 18 3. Tharcisse Renzaho ................................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER II: FACTUAL SECTION ........................................................................... 21 1. Encouragement of Interahamwe Training, 1993-1994 ....................................... 21 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 21 1.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................... 21 1.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................ 26 2. Roadblocks in Kigali-Ville Prefecture ................................................................. 29 2.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 29 2.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................... 29 2.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................ 40 2.3.1 Presence at Roadblocks on 8 and 12 April ....................................................... 43 2.3.2 Orders to Erect Roadblocks ............................................................................. 43 2.3.3 Killings Committed at Roadblocks .................................................................. 49 3. Distribution of Weapons ....................................................................................... 55 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 55 3.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................... 55 3.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................ 64 3.3.1 Distribution of Weapons .................................................................................. 64 3.3.2 Orders to Collect Weapons and Distribute Them ............................................ 68 4. Facilitation of Movement ...................................................................................... 74 4.1 Laissez-Passers (Travel Authorisations) ................................................................. 74 Judgement and Sentence i 14 July 2009 The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Renzaho, Case No. ICTR-97-31-T 4.1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 74 4.1.2 Evidence ........................................................................................................... 74 4.1.3 Deliberations .................................................................................................... 81 4.2 Fuel Vouchers .......................................................................................................... 83 4.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 83 4.2.2 Evidence ........................................................................................................... 83 4.2.3 Deliberations .................................................................................................... 87 4.3 Requisitioning of Vehicles ....................................................................................... 89 4.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 89 4.3.2 Evidence ........................................................................................................... 90 4.3.3 Deliberations .................................................................................................... 93 5. Killings at Akajagali, 8 or 9 April 1994 ............................................................... 95 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 95 5.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................... 95 5.3 Deliberations ............................................................................................................ 97 6. Attack at CELA, 22 April 1994 ............................................................................ 99 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 99 6.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................... 99 6.3 Deliberations .......................................................................................................... 110 6.3.1 Attack on CELA, 21 April ............................................................................. 111 6.3.2 Attack on CELA, 22 April ............................................................................. 112 7. Killings in Nyarugenge, 28 April 1994 ............................................................... 121 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 121 7.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 121 7.3 Deliberations .......................................................................................................... 122 8. Dismissal of Moderate Officials, End April 1994.............................................. 124 8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 124 8.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 124 8.3 Deliberations .......................................................................................................... 129 9. Saint Paul Pastoral Centre, April-June 1994 .................................................... 134 9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 134 9.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 134 9.3 Deliberations .......................................................................................................... 145 9.3.1 Attack in Late April ....................................................................................... 145 9.3.2 Attack in May ................................................................................................. 147 Judgement and Sentence ii 14 July 2009 The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Renzaho, Case No. ICTR-97-31-T 9.3.3 Attack on 14 June ........................................................................................... 147 9.3.4 Attack on 17 June ........................................................................................... 151 10. Killing of André Kameya, 15 June 1994 ............................................................ 153 10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 153 10.2 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 153 10.3 Deliberations .........................................................................................................