Student Activism After Vatican II Lecture III Susie J. Pak Department of History St. John’s University Flashback Monday: Lecture I: Introduction and Origins* (Oct, 19, 2020) Moderator: Dean Mike Simons, St. John’s Law School Lecture II: Expansion & Professionalization (Feb. 4, 2021) Moderator: Anita Gomez-Palacio ‘65Ed, ‘89PD, Member, Board oF Trustees * Please note that in general, when I am quoting texts or people, I do not always say ” “. If you have a specific question about a reference, please put in the chat. Also, the power point is long and will go fast, be will be downloadable after the lecture. THIS LECTURE IS GOING TO BE LONGER THAN THE PREVIOUS TWO SO PLEASE USE THE CHAT FOR FEEDBACK AND FEEL FREE TO STAY LATER. Key Takeaways from Lecture I & II: • History plays and has played an important role in the creation oF St. John’s’ identity and its mission. • We know this because history is embedded in the stories that the University and its community tells about St. John’s. Sample of Events at SJU, 2020-2021 L to R: Racial Justice Conversations series, 2020-21, Offices of: Alumni Relations, Equity and Inclusion, University Events, University Mission, Division of Student Affairs Prof. Eddie Cole (UCLA), “Black is.. Resilient,” Office of Multicultural Affairs, February 18, 2021 Very Rev. Dr. Kelly Brown Douglas (Union Theological Seminary), “A Journey of Faith,” Vincentian Chair of Social Justice 2020-21 Lecture Series: “Women or Color in the Academy,” Vincentian Center for Church and Society, March 16, 2021 Prof. Christina Greer (Fordham), “Following the Arc of Our Institution’s History,” Office of the Vice Provost, Staten Island, Staten Island Alliance for interdisciplinary Studies, Office of Dean, SJC, April 6, 2021 Key Takeaways from Lecture I & II: • We study the stories to understand the meanings oF terms like “diversity” at St. John’s. • In order to do this, we have had to investigate terms like “immigrant,” “poor,” “Catholic,” and “Vincentian.” • Diversity is a historical concept that reveals the norms of an institution. Key Takeaway for Lecture III • The study oF the University’s history is central to the project oF diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), which cannot be generalized across institutions • The barriers to “telling history” illustrate how diFFicult and entrenched the challenges are to this project. • Our definition of “history” reflects the limits of what we think a “university” is. The Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), 1962-1965 üVatican II was initiated by Pope John XXIII (Cardinal Angelo Roncalli, Formerly Bishop oF Venice), who said the idea emerged to him in prayer. üPerfectae caritatis: “…The adaptation and renewal of the religious life includes both the constant return to the sources of all Christian life and to the original spirit of the institutes and their adaptation to the changed conditions of our time…ThereFore let their Founders’ spirit and special aims they set beFore them as well as their sound traditions…be faithFully held in honor….” (http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat- ii_decree_19651028_perFectae-caritatis_en.html) (April 17, 2021). The American Vincentian Response to Vatican II ü“The end oF the Congregation oF the Mission is to Follow Christ, the evangelizer oF the poor.” Source: The Editorial StaFF, “A Survey oF American Vincentian History: 1815-1987” in John E. Rybolt, C.M., eds., The American Vincentians, 93. üThe Vincentian educational apostolate: Congregation’s Constitution, Statute 29, “Recognizing the great importance oF education For both youth and adults, members should take up this work oF teaching and educating where it is needed to achieve the purpose oF the Congregation—Schools, colleges, and universities should, according to local circumstances, admit and promote the development oF the poor.” As quoted in John E. Rybolt, C.M., Ph.D., “Vincentian Education: A Survey oF its History,” Vincentian Heritage, vol. 28, no. 2 (2008): 62. COMPARISON BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATE BULLETIN, 1991-1993 & 1993-1995 NEW MISSION STATEMENT included this section: “We strive to provide excellent education for all people, especially those lacking economic, physical, or social advantages…. Wherever possible, we devote our intellectual and physical resources to search out the causes of poverty and social injustice… St. John’s Prep (1947) Prep Shadows (1947) (St. John’s Prep Yearbook) Source: University Archives Special Thanks: Alyse Hennig, Assistant Archivist St. John’s College, Brooklyn (1947) Sanborn Map Company, Insurance Maps Borough of Brooklyn, New York, vol. 3 (1918) (Corrected to 1947), New York Public Library Map Division Formerly St. John’s Prep (1972) Below Eleanor Roosevelt Houses (f. 1964) Sanborn Map Company, Insurance Maps Borough of Brooklyn, New York, vol. 2 (1915) (Corrected to 1970), New York Public Library Map Division The Prep and Its Neighborhood o Father Tinnelly, C.M., the Superior oF St. John’s Brooklyn and President oF the Prep, 1959-1964 (and member oF the Provincial Council, 1963), wrote to the Provincial, Father Sylvester Taggart, C.M. in 1964: “Few students in the immediate area can afford the tuition at St. John’s.” He said, “The erection of low cost housing projects along side the Prep makes a change for the better in the foreseeable future impossible.” o In 1974, Father Tinnelly wrote Rev. James W. Richardson, C.M., the Superior General oF the Congregation in Rome, that the Provincial Council had decided in 1967 the Community could not “continue to operate a private high school” because “the neighborhood was becoming a real pocket of poverty.” ü Source: Box #1 St. John’s Preparatory School, Inc., Ducournau Archives oF the Eastern Province oF the Congregation oF the Mission NOTE: Fire insurance maps were updated by papering over the sections that were changed. 1947 1972 Recommended Reading: Comparative Example: Fordham Prep: According to Monsignor Thomas Shelley, in 1967, “When the mother of five girls asked [Fordham University President Father Leo P.] McLaughlin, S.J. to make Fordham Prep a coeducational school, he replied, ‘Good Lord, Lady! You are driving me out of what I optimistically think of “Classic College Preparatory as my mind.’” for Boys”(1933) Thomas J. Shelley, Fordham, 398-399. St. John’s Expands to Staten Island and leaves Brooklyn (1971) Source: Notre Dame College, SI, Correspondence, 1970-1973, RG U1, Box 3, University Archives The Index of Forbidden Books üIndex oF Forbidden Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum) was a “list of books once Forbidden by Roman Catholic church authority as dangerous to the Faith or morals of Roman Catholics.” üPublished by the Sacred Congregation oF the Roman Inquisition, the predecessor to the Congregation For the Doctrine oF the Faith, the First “index” oF Forbidden books dated back to sixteenth century. üIt grew to include books by authors like Descartes, Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Jean Paul Sartre, Erasmus, Machiavelli, Spinoza, Milton, Locke, Hume, and kant. ü Source: “Modern History Sourcebook: Index librorum prohibitorum, 1557-1996 [Index oF Prohibited Books],” Fordham University https://sourcebooks.Fordham.edu/mod/indexlibrorum.asp (March 13, 2019); “Index Librorum Prohibitorum,” Britannica.com https://www.britannica.com/topic/Index- Librorum-Prohibitorum (october 13, 2019) NOTE: The Carrs won reinstatement but lost on appeal. Source: New York Daily News, June 8, 1962, 487. Howard Carr and Greta Schmidt Carr Source: New York Daily News, May 18, 1962, 121. St. John’s Faculty Strike at Brooklyn Center, 1966 Source: St. John’s University Archives Foreground: Father Peter O’Reilly, professor of philosophy, St. John’s University, “one of the dismissed faculty members… [and] chairman of the St. John’s Chapter of Local 1460, UFCT, American Federation of Teachers” Right with sign: Israel Kugler, president, United Federation of College Teachers and professor, City University of NY Left: Michael Mann, NYS Regional Director, AFL-CIO Second from Left: Albert Shanker, President, United Federation of Teachers Source: Israel Kugler, “The 1966 Strike at St. John’s University: A Memoir,” Labor’s Heritage, vol. 9, no. 2 (Fall 1997): 4-19. The Faculty’s Position: Principles of Academic Freedom Faculty on strike with their children in Queens, 1966 Location of left photo: Kildare Road (where the front gate is now) Source: St. John’s University Archives The University’s Position: The definition of a Catholic University St. John’s University, “Fact Sheet #2,” January 11, 1966, 13T.1.1 Box #2, St. John’s University, St. John’s Controversy. Tinnelly Papers, 1965-’66, Ducournau Archives. Land O’Lakes Statement (1967) “The Catholic University today must be a university in the Full modern sense oF the word, with a strong commitment to and concern For academic excellence. To perForm its teaching and research Functions eFFectively the Catholic university must have a true autonomy and academic Freedom in the Face oF authority oF whatever kind, lay or clerical, external to the academic community itselF.” For the entire statement, see Mark Massa, S.J. and Catherine osborne, eds., American Catholic History: A Documentary Reader, Second Edition (New York: New York University Press, 2017): 140- 144. Source: Robert E. Kessler, “The Scars at St. John’s are Gone,” The New York Times, June 11, 1972. Captions read: (Left) “The Very Rev. Joseph T. Cahill, President of St. John’s… (Right) Father O’Reilly with Rosemarie (sic) Lauer, former teacher at St. John’s in San Diego where both now teach.” Undated Photo, St. John’s University Archives President Ronald Reagan visits St. John’s and is gifted a replica of Coach Lou Carnesecca’s sweater (The Vincentian, 1985) TOP: St. John’s Wins the Big East vs. Boston College (1983) Source: Michael Salfino, “St. John’s and Mullin Try to McFly Back to 1985,” The Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2015. Right: undated photo, University Archives Source: Sara Rimer, “A New Pride Surges over St.