Note: This paper has been prepared upon request of the State Directorate for the Protection of Nature and Environment of the Republic of Croatia, and was written and edited by a group of experts from the State Directorate’s Office for the Adriatic, Rijeka, and the Regional Activity Centre of the Priority Actions Programme, Split. Editors: Andrija Randić and Ivica Trumbić Photographs: Ivo Pervan Printed by: JAFRA, Split ISBN 953-6429-14-4 For bibliographic purposes this document may be cited as: State Directorate for the Protection of Nature and Environment of the Republic of Croatia: Coastal Area Management in Croatia. Zagreb, State Directorate for the Protection of Nature and Environment of the Republic of Croatia. 1998. REPUBLIC OF CROATIA THE STATE DIRECTORATE FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Zagreb, May 1998 Coastal Area Management in Croatia ii Coastal Area Management in Croatia CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION: TRADITION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT .......................... 1 I.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 I.2 HISTORY AND TRADITION OF COASTAL AREA PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN CROATIA...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 II COASTAL AREAS AND ISLANDS: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES ............... 5 II.1 COASTAL ENVIRONMENT OF CROATIA .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Natural characteristics...................................................................................................... 5 Protection of nature......................................................................................................... 7 Biological and landscape diversity................................................................................... 8 II.2 POPULATION OF THE COASTAL REGION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 II.3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Primary sector .................................................................................................................. 13 Secondary sector.............................................................................................................. 14 Tertiary sector................................................................................................................... 14 II.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Water resources ............................................................................................................... 15 Waste waters.................................................................................................................... 16 Solid waste ....................................................................................................................... 16 Sea.................................................................................................................................... 16 Terrestrial ecology............................................................................................................ 17 III PRACTICE OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN CROATIA........................................................................ 19 III.1 STRATEGY AND POLICIES .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Legal framework, principal documents and attitudes .................................................... 19 Accents and priorities ...................................................................................................... 21 III.2 REGULATION OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Accents and priorities ...................................................................................................... 23 III.3 COASTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 III.4 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE........................................................................................................ 25 General and special institutional frameworks for action ................................................ 25 Implementation system.................................................................................................... 26 Accents and priorities ...................................................................................................... 26 III.5 ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 Access to information on the environment, and public participation............................ 27 III.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 III.7 IMPLEMENTATION OF MANAGEMENT PLANS............................................................................................................................ 29 III.8 INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 III.9 EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECTS.............................. 32 Cres-Lošinj Archipelago.................................................................................................... 32 Kaštela Bay ....................................................................................................................... 33 iii Coastal Area Management in Croatia 5 5 wi rn 5 yeste vokvrsko2jezF 5 5 5 ir n 5 w 5 5 5 stiue esx 5 5 yi 5 gsuixsge 5 { vefsx 5 k2 2 5 n 2 5 r 2 e l ysxt d n j 2 v r t 5 yFuu yFvexsu 5 5 5 2 22 5 2i 2 ixt 5 22 2 yFs2 2x 2 yFfst xs 22 i 222 2 yFgi yFFqq yyeg e r 5 2 2 n s litvi~k2jezF 2 v 2 k o yFqyvs 5 2 2 j u 2 ve e z 2 2 F 22 222 2 2 2 i q u 2 k 222 e2 yFi2e 22 f 22 2 vi k x2 yFef 222 s i2 222 yFhyvsx 222 22 v2 2 22 o s 2 2 2 { 2 n yF xsti 2i 2 2n 2 2 j2 s2 k2 i qys u yFivi2euexi k2 5 2 n2 yFwevi2euexi 2 wevs2vysxtl yFy he s yFvysxt 5 5 yF eu yFyt vi yFeq u yFuhe e vik yFsvysu 5 x yFwe x n e yFvexsu v yFsvfe yFyvsf yFiw he yFs 2 i2r2 yFs 5 yFuehe s2k 2o2 22m 2o 5 2r2 yFwyve e rmnj xovig yFi xt rdsko2mo yF x re yFsext 22 yFisxeg d2 2 r ehe 2s 2k 2i2 22k 2 2n 52 nj yF qvtex 2l 5 rm yFsd 5 5 uxsx 2 2{2 5 m2 2 5 5 h qs2yyu n2 yFee s2 k2 i222 22k 22 n2 2 5 yFewex l fsyqeh2xe2wy yFvehee 5 g k e r ti n u 5 r n sk o yFqehe 2je yFd zF 5 ol ik j r 2 e o z k F 5 l eru} j n s k o2 yFw i yhsgij F yFuyxes 5 yFs 2i u 2 r 2 k yFuesti e sfixsu 2n sxt yFste 2s2 5 k yFueuex 2i d yFyfyxtex 2i2 5 r2j k 2 2 2n 2 5 getin 2s n2 5 2k2 yFvesx 2 5 i 222 l5 222k2 222n2 yFdsti 2l 55 ueiveyvsx5 ge ti n yqs 5555555 5 5 5 5 5 yhexe 5 5 yF2syy rolo{ko2lto vs 5 get yFhixsu2wevs 2p2l2 i i2t2s2k2i 5 5 n 5 5 k f yws yFhixsu2ivs 22 22r22 n2 22~22k 2l 22i2222 k2222n 5 5 2222l 5 yFyve 5weueue r2v22r2s2k2 yFfe i2222k22n22l 5 22 k2l2 e2n2 22i i o2t2o 2 i2{2k2 i2222k 22n yFre yFtef ue 22l yFihy x2e2r2e2t2l2j22n2s2k2i k22 n22l 5 vyi xer 5 5 etv yFieg u2o2r2~2u2l22n2s2k2i k22n22l 5 wiuys w 22 yFs l2o yFysh 222m 2o2 yFfsiy 5 5 r2e 5 yFfehste yFuy2 ve v22s2t2o2v2s2k2i k22n22l w2l2j2 e2t2s2 k2i2222 k22n yFidfe 22l yFw2ee yFhyxts2uyts u2 o2 yF eg l2o2 ~2e yFveygs 2p yFuysi yFteuvtex 2s2 k2i yFwvti k yFsex 22n x yFveyy 22l yFvy h yFuy vy2i yFFexhste 5 yFvyu w i h fyxsu SH H SH IHH uilometers yFeveq de iv I INTRODUCTION: TRADITION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT I.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT long tradition of coastal planning and management, where it has achieved Coastal planning and management has enviable results. become a well established scientific discipline throughout the world. According Owing to the long history of coastal to numerous sources, about 60% of the planning in the Republic of Croatia, a global population currently live in coastal number of valuable coastal environments areas, i.e. in a strip reaching 100