Unfolding the College Street boipara: spatial movements in Calcutta's neighbourhood of books Author Bhattacharya, Diti Published 2018-12 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/1610 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/384286 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Unfolding the College Street boipara: spatial movements in Calcutta's neighbourhood of books Diti Bhattacharya Bachelor of Arts (English Honours) Calcutta University Master of Arts (Film Studies Honours) Jadavpur University Master of Arts and Media (Honours) Griffith University Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science Gold Coast Campus December 2018 Abstract This thesis explores the unfolding spatial movements of the second-hand book market, or the boipara, of College Street, Calcutta. Weaving together my own experiences and memories with those of stallholders, customers, students and other regulars, I focus on various material, affective, sensory, human and non-human interactions to reveal the boipara as mobile, fluid and heterogeneous in its dynamics. I draw, especially, on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Doreen Massey, Ben Highmore, Ben Anderson, Mark Bonta and John Protevi, and Nigel Thrift to engage with multiple trajectories and narratives, using what can be termed ‘assemblage thinking’ as a conceptual tool. In addition to engaging with scholarly literature from a variety of multidisciplinary terrains, I undertook fieldwork in Calcutta. My research methods for that part of the work included observational research, semi-structured interviews (which, as I had hoped, usually became conversations) and photo-elicitation. I set out to see how space can be understood, reconceptualised and written about in terms of its processes, movements and simultaneities, as well as how such an approach can be productive in making sense of a particular space and its connections. My personal association with the boipara was established at a very young age, and I later became a regular – which is the vernacular expression in English for those who would be called in Bengali para’r lok, or ‘people of the neighbourhood’. I wanted to enquire how far and in what ways my memories and experiential knowledge engaged with the memories and experiential knowledges of other regulars, and how the continual enmeshing of stories, experiences, histories and anecdotes affected and informed the methodological and conceptual processes I developed for this project. Consequently, I have kept the conversations between theorists, concepts, methods and practice-based research open and symbiotic. The fact that I was working with a space that is always facilitating the intersection of multiple narratives meant that I was alert to the need for ongoing reflexivity. This, in turn, led me to enquire how we can think and write about spaces like the boipara and, indeed, how we can think about writing spaces. The College Street boipara (literally ‘neighbourhood of books’) comprises a variety of book stalls, book shops, several eminent educational institutions, a coffee house, tea- stalls, eateries and various colonial style residential buildings. It is a fine example of how human and material components come together in an urban public space and thrive ii through their interaction, producing myriad affective resonances, sensorial registers, memories of the different ways in which the space has been used. It is a place where personal histories and the stories associated with material components continuously intersect with certain historical, cultural and political practices that are strongly associated with it. The boipara, with its component parts, is always heterogeneous, mobile, relational and ‘under construction’ (Massey 2005). I suggest that the everyday unfolding of the spatiality of the boipara can be usefully thought of as an event (Deleuze and Guattari 1977). The movements of the boipara are characterised by change, movement, oscillations and volatility. Through its apparently mundane, repetitive, daily routines and interactions, the space produces newer, heterogeneous, mobile and liminal experiences and stories which do not replace the older ones, but work with them to carry the spatial imaginary along various trajectories. Thus, the affective, sensorial and emotional associations we make are characterised by a fleeting in-betweenness, momentary intersections of ‘the stories-so-far’ (Massey 2005) with the anticipation of what is possible in the future. This is what makes the boipara particularly eventful. The thesis argues for an open, reflexive and nuanced approach to thinking about space that is not limited to or by the application of conceptual frameworks and the clean representations that such approaches tend to produce. Writing about a space like the boipara can be productive of useful insights if the writing itself is deployed as something other than simply a medium of representation. An important aspect of my work has been the realisation that the writing of this dissertation has itself become a significant process in my engagement with the spatiality of the boipara. Writing in, through and about such a space can (perhaps must) be treated as an experiment that works with the space: with its messy temporalities, multiple trajectories, heterogeneous components and criss-crossing flows and strata of histories, myths and memories. The boipara involves ongoing emergences from the milieu (here, the middle, the in-between) of material, sensory and narrative elements. This, in turn, can impel a sense of the coming together of segments of space-time (as collisions, occasional contacts or flows) which can produce vectors that take off in all kinds of directions; have the potential to produce different speeds and intensities; and are likely to become implicated in the rhizomics of the boipara, which will probably be part of the assemblages that constitute it. The intensities and vectors of transformation that generate within those assemblages can readily form other connections beyond the boipara, but also return to it. iii Statement of Originality This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. 13 December, 2018 Ethical Clearance Ethical clearance for this project was granted by Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number 2015/807). All research was carried out in accordance with the approved protocols. Sources of photographs All photographs in this thesis were taken by Diti Bhattacharya except where a source is indicated in the caption under the photograph and in the Table of Figures. In all of these cases, the images were available under Creative Commons. A note regarding language and translation The great majority of interviews and conversations undertaken during field research were in Bengali, and digitally recorded on a smart phone. Diti Bhattacharya translated transcriptions for use in the thesis. Her own reflective and observational field notes were frequently written in Bengali, and translated when used in the thesis. Some cited books and articles are in Bengali. This is indicated by the use of Bengali titles in the Bibliography. Translations are Diti Bhattacharya’s. From time to time footnotes are used to provide translations and explain nuances of vernacular phrases, idiomatic usages and terms of relationship and endearment. Some of these have been cross-checked with expert native speakers in Calcutta. iv Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ii Statement of Originality ....................................................................................................... iv Ethical Clearance ............................................................................................................................ iv Sources of photographs .................................................................................................................. iv A note regarding language and translation ..................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER ONE: Introduction ................................................................................................. 10 Thesis Overview ............................................................................................................................ 10 Research Question 1 ......................................................................................................................... 15 Research Question 2 ......................................................................................................................... 16 Research Question 3 ......................................................................................................................... 17 Research Question 4 ........................................................................................................................