Chapter 24 The Digestive System 1) Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the A) stomach. B) pharynx. C) esophagus. D) bladder. E) colon. 2) Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) appendix B) pancreas C) spleen D) colon E) esophagus 3) Digestion refers to the A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. B) mechanical breakdown of food. C) chemical breakdown of food. D) mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. E) release of water, acids, enzymes and buffers by organs. 4) Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A) mechanical processing B) absorption C) secretion D) ingestion E) filtration 5) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels 6) Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called A) segmentation. D) churning movements B) pendular movements. E) mastication C) peristalsis. 7) The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the A) serosa. B) adventitia. C) muscularis mucosa. D) mucosa. E) submucosa. 8) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels c. 9) Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. A) mucosa B) submucosa C) submucosal neural plexus D) muscularis mucosa E) adventitia 10) The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A) serosa B) adventitia C) mesenteries D) fibrosa E) lamina propria 11) Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the A) mucosa. B) serosa. C) adventitia. D) submucosal neural plexus. E) lamina propria. 12) Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the A) mucosa. B) submucosa. C) muscularis mucosa. D) myenteric plexus. E) submucosal neural plexus. 13) Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the A) mucosa. B) submucosa. C) muscularis. D) adventitia. E) serosa. 14) The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the A) lamina propria. B) muscularis mucosae. C) submucosa. D) submucosal neural plexus. E) myenteric plexus. 15) A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the A) anal canal. B) esophagus. C) stomach. D) oropharynx. E) oral cavity. 16) A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the A) transitional cells. B) circular folds. C) elastic cells. D) rugae. E) muscularis mucosa. c. 17) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm 18) Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm 19) Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? A) small intestine B) esophagus C) large intestine D) stomach E) anus 20) The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called A) peritoneal sheets. B) mesenteries. C) ascites. D) the diaphragm. E) the dorsal and ventral frenulums. 21) What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm 22) All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium except the A) stomach. D) small intestine B) transverse colon. E) large intestine. C) esophagus. 23) The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium. A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) pseudostratified D) stratified columnar E) transitional 24) The greater omentum is A) the entrance to the stomach. B) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. C) important in the digestion of fats. D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. E) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver. c. 25) A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would A) increase intestinal motility. B) decrease intestinal motility. C) increase gastric secretion. D) decrease gastric secretion. E) interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion. 26) Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer. 1. lamina propria 2. muscularis externa 3. submucosa 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium 5. serosa 6. muscularis mucosae A) 5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 4 B) 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5 C) 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5 D) 5, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3 E) 1, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5 27) Which accessory organ of the digestive system does not produce any enzymes or digestive secretions? A) pancreas B) gallbladder C) liver D) salivary glands E) teeth 28) The movement of nutrients from the digestive tract lumen across the epithelium is called A) chemical digestion. B) absorption. C) secretion. D) reabsorption. E) ingestion. 29) The process of defecation eliminates A) a bolus. B) chyme. C) feces. D) ascites. E) bile. 30) Becky is experiencing indigestion and pain. The doctor also notes ascites formation in her abdomen. What is ascites? A) buildup of bile in the bile duct B) gallstones blocking the cystic duct C) inflammation of the appendix D) buildup of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity E) buildup of pancreatic juice in the pancreas 31) The mesocolon is A) a section of the large intestines between the sigmoid colon and the rectum. B) a thick mesenteric sheet associated with the small intestines. C) a ligament that suspends the liver from the diaphragm. D) a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity. E) a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine. c. 32) Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells? A) enteroendocrine cells B) Kupffer cells C) Paneth cells D) serous cells E) mucus cells 33) The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except A) sensory analysis of material before swallowing. B) mechanical processing of food. C) lubrication. D) absorption of monosaccharides. E) digestion of carbohydrates. 34) ________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Six to Ten 35) The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. A) submaxillary B) submandibular C) parotid D) sublingual E) vestibular 36) A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the A) uvula. B) pharyngeal arch. C) palatoglossal arch. D) palatopharyngeal arch. E) epiglottis. 37) Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A) mechanical processing of food. B) manipulation of food. C) sensory analysis of food. D) aiding in speech. E) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. 38) The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called A) enamel. B) cement. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) periodontium. 39) The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the A) enamel. B) cement. C) dentin. D) pulp cavity. E) periodontium. c. 40) The root of a tooth is covered by A) enamel. B) cement. C) dentin. D) pulp. 41) The crown of a tooth is covered by A) enamel. B) cement. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) periodontium. 42) ________ are also known as canines. A) Premolars B) Incisors C) Molars D) Secondary teeth E) Cuspids 43) A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would A) occur when too much protein is ingested. B) cause mumps. C) interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. D) prevent emulsification of lipids. E) inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands. 44) Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from A) sympathetic stimulation. B) hormonal stimulation. C) parasympathetic stimulation. D) myenteric reflexes. E) hunger. 45) In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands. A) mandibular B) sublingual C) parotid D) submandibular E) lingual 46) The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth. A) mandibular B) sublingual C) lingual D) submandibular E) parotid 47) Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? A) mandibular B) sublingual C) lingual D) submandibular E) parotid c. 48) The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the A) pharynx. B) larynx. C) fauces. D) vestibule. E) frenulum. 49) The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the A) vestibule. B) gingiva. C) alveolus. D) uvula. E) faux. 50) The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the A) uvula. B) faux. C) lingual frenulum. D) labial frenulum. E) glossal septum. 51) The uvula is located at the A) posterior of the tongue. B) margin of the vestibule. C) base of a tooth. D) posterior margin of the soft palate. E) margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. 52) ________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. A) Canines B) Premolars C) Cuspids D) Incisors E) Molars 53) ________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. A) Incisors B) Bicuspids C) Premolars D) Cuspids E) Molars 54) ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.