District School Board Ontario North East Aboriginal Presence in Our Schools A Guide for Staff District School Board Ontario North East Revised 2014 Aboriginal Presence in Our Schools ii District School Board Ontario North East Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ vi Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... vii Supporting Aboriginal Students in DSB Ontario North East ............................................................. 1 First Nations Trustee ....................................................................................................................... 1 First Nations Advisory Committee ................................................................................................. 1 Voluntary Self-Identification .......................................................................................................... 1 Aboriginal Youth Liaison Officers ................................................................................................. 2 Aboriginal Presence in Our Schools ................................................................................................... 3 Ensuring Success for Schools ............................................................................................................. 3 Terminology ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Aboriginal Peoples of Canada ............................................................................................................ 9 Sharing of Knowledge .................................................................................................................... 9 First Nations .................................................................................................................................... 9 Inuit ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Métis ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Aboriginal Peoples in Ontario .......................................................................................................... 12 Anishinaabe................................................................................................................................... 12 Oji-Cree Anishininimowin............................................................................................................ 12 Mushkegowuk ............................................................................................................................... 13 Métis ............................................................................................................................................. 13 Residential Schools ........................................................................................................................... 14 Why It Matters .............................................................................................................................. 15 History........................................................................................................................................... 15 Conditions and Mistreatment ........................................................................................................ 16 Intergenerational Impacts.............................................................................................................. 17 Redress & Reconciliation ............................................................................................................. 17 Healing Movement and Cultural Revitalization ........................................................................... 18 Residential Schools in Ontario.......................................................................................................... 19 What can you do?.......................................................................................................................... 20 About Treaties ................................................................................................................................... 21 What is a Treaty? .......................................................................................................................... 21 Treaty Rights ................................................................................................................................. 21 Best Practices - Including Aboriginal People in the Curriculum ...................................................... 24 Code of Ethics ................................................................................................................................... 27 Revised 2014 Aboriginal Presence in Our Schools iii District School Board Ontario North East The Sacred Tree ............................................................................................................................ 27 Traditional Wisdom .......................................................................................................................... 28 Medicine Wheel Traditions and Teachings .................................................................................. 28 Four Sacred Medicines (Plants) .................................................................................................... 29 The Seven Grandfather Teachings ................................................................................................ 30 Aboriginal Traditions and Celebrations ............................................................................................ 31 Traditional Feasts .......................................................................................................................... 31 Contemporary Feasts .................................................................................................................... 31 The Pow-Wow .............................................................................................................................. 31 Sweat Lodge Ceremony ................................................................................................................ 32 Smudging ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Métis Flag ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Métis Jigging ................................................................................................................................. 33 Métis Sash ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Inuit Throat-Singing...................................................................................................................... 34 Inuit String Games ........................................................................................................................ 34 Greeting and Thanking Traditional Visitors ..................................................................................... 35 Why Involve Elders and/or Senators?........................................................................................... 35 Role of an Elder/Senator ............................................................................................................... 35 Elder Protocol ............................................................................................................................... 35 Senator Protocol ............................................................................................................................ 36 Seeking an Elder/Senator .............................................................................................................. 36 When Approaching an Elder/Senator ........................................................................................... 36 During Your Meeting with an Elder/Senator ................................................................................ 37 Cultural Practice: Offering Medicines (Tobacco) ......................................................................... 37 How to Make a Tobacco Tie ......................................................................................................... 38 Other Considerations .................................................................................................................... 38 Honorariums/Gifts ........................................................................................................................ 38 Holidays ............................................................................................................................................ 40 National Aboriginal Day ............................................................................................................... 40 Louis Riel Day .............................................................................................................................. 41 Creating a Welcoming Learning Environment ................................................................................