EUROPEAN UNION DELEGATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO ETHIOPIA Final Report of: Labour Market Assessment for YOUTH EMPOWERMENT FOR SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION TO DECENT WORK IN AMHARA AND SOMALI REGIONS OF ETHIOPIA Project By: TENTAM Development Training and Consulting Services PLC ([email protected]) 24 February 2019 Table of Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................ v Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... vi 1. Background: Context and Economic Geography ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. An overview of the Ethiopian Economy: structural challenges .......................................................... 1 1.2. Rural Sector in Ethiopia: ................................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Key Government Policies and Strategies: ......................................................................................... 1 1.4. Youth, employment, Migration .......................................................................................................... 2 2. About the Project ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Project Context ................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2. Objective of the project ..................................................................................................................... 3 3. Labour Market Assessment Study ................................................................................................................ 4 3.1. Objectives of the Labour Market Assessment ................................................................................... 4 3.2. Methodology, Approach and Limitations ........................................................................................... 4 3.3. Challenges & Limitations .................................................................................................................. 6 4. Key Findings and Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 7 4.1. Sitti Zone, Somali National Regional State ....................................................................................... 7 4.1.1. Characteristics of the Studied HH and youth ............................................................................. 7 4.1.2. Status of Youth Employment in Sitti Zone .................................................................................. 7 4.1.3. Challenges of youth Employment .............................................................................................. 8 4.1.4. Consequences of Youth Unemployment ................................................................................... 9 4.1.5. Wage Employment Opportunity/Spatial analysis of Employment Landscape ............................. 9 4.1.6. Wage Rates in the Labour Market (Regular Vs Daily Wage Workers) ..................................... 15 4.1.7. Qualification & Skills for Employment ...................................................................................... 16 4.1.8. Organizational features of the job market ................................................................................ 17 4.1.9. Governance Mechanisms and structures of the Wage Market ................................................. 18 4.1.10. Wishes and aspirations of the youth .................................................................................... 18 4.1.11. Youth Behaviour and attitude towards wage employment .................................................... 20 4.1.12. Gender effects (socially determined segregation of work by Gender) .................................. 22 4.1.13. Factors influencing the Wage Market ................................................................................... 22 4.1.14. TVETs in the study area ...................................................................................................... 23 4.1.15. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2. Waghimra Zone, Amhara National Regional State ......................................................................... 27 4.2.1. Characteristics of the Studied HH and youth ........................................................................... 27 4.2.2. Youth employment status, Waghimra Zone ............................................................................. 27 ii 4.2.3. Consequences of Youth Unemployment ................................................................................. 28 4.2.4. Wage Employment Opportunity/Spatial analysis of Employment Landscape ........................... 29 4.2.5. Wage Rates in the Labour Market (Regular Vs Daily Wage Workers) ..................................... 34 4.2.6. Qualifications of employment (Criteria for hiring; and Skills sought by employers) ................... 34 4.2.7. Organisational features of the job market ................................................................................ 35 4.2.8. Governance Mechanisms and structures of the Wage Market ................................................. 36 4.2.9. Wishes and aspirations of the Youth ....................................................................................... 36 4.2.10. Gender effects (socially determined segregation of work by Gender): ................................. 37 4.2.11. Socio cultural norms and ethics of young people of today .................................................... 37 4.2.12. Factors influencing the Wage Market ................................................................................... 39 4.2.13. TVETs in the study area ...................................................................................................... 40 4.2.14. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 41 5. Recommendations (for both Sitti and Waghimra) ........................................................................................ 43 Annexes ......................................................................................................................................................... a Annex I: End Notes ..................................................................................................................................... a Annex II: Sectoral Mapping of Skills: Demand, Supply and Gaps (Sitti Zone) ............................................. e Annex III: Comparison of Sub/Sectors in their Capacity to provide Employment Opportunities (Sitti Zone) . g Annex IV: Sectoral Mapping of Skills: Demand, Supply and Gaps (Waghimra Zone) .................................. h Annex V: Comparison of Sub/Sectors in their Capacity to provide Emp’t Opportunities (WH Zone) ............ l Table 1: Study Woredas, Kebeles, and No of youth Respondents .................................................................. 5 Table 2; Number of FGD and KII participants across study Zones .................................................................. 5 Table 3: Total population of studied HHs by sex in Sitti Zone ......................................................................... 7 Table 4: Situation of Youth Employment in Sitti Zone ..................................................................................... 8 Table 5: Population of Surveyed HHs in Sitti across different age cohort ........................................................ 8 Table 6: Indicative Employment Sectors and Skill Sets required for youth in Sitti Zone ............................... 13 Table 7: Education Attainment of Youth in Sitti Zone .................................................................................... 16 Table 8: Number of survey participants ........................................................................................................ 27 Table 9: Youth employment status, Waghimra Zone .................................................................................... 27 Table 10: population distribution by age cohort and sex in Waghimra Zone.................................................. 28 Table 11: Indicative/rough estimate of Employment opportunities across different sectors For WH Zone .... 31 Table 12: Education Attainment of Youth in Waghimra Zone ........................................................................ 35 Figure 1: Population Pyramid of surveyed Population in Sitti Zone ................................................................. 7 Figure 2: Youth Perceptions in Sitti Zone (no. of Response) ......................................................................... 20 Figure 3: Youth Perception (frequency) on Wage Employment and factors influencing it in Sitti Zone .......... 21 Figure 4: Population Pyramid of Waghimra Zone .........................................................................................