PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE MODERN ERA EUROPEAN DOCUMENTS AND CRITICAL WRITINGS, 1913-1940 EDITED AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY CHRISTOPHER PHILLIPS THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART/APERTURE NEW YORK CONTENTS Introduction xi FRANCE JEAN COCTEAU An Open Letter to M. Man Ray, American Photographer (1922) 1 TRISTAN TZARA Photography Upside Down (1922) 4 ROBERT DESNOS The Work of Man Ray (1923) 7 MAN RAY Deceiving Appearances (1926) 11 FLORENT FELS Preface to Metal by Germaine Krull (1927) 13 ROBERT DESNOS Spectacles of the Street—Eugene Atget (1928) 16 ALBERT VALENTIN Eugene Atget (1928) 18 FLORENT FELS The First Salon Independant de la Photographie (1928) 23 PIERRE MAC ORLAN The Literary Art of Imagination and Photography (1928) 27 PIERRE MAC ORLAN Elements of a Social Fantastic (1929) 31 SALVADOR DALI Photographic Testimony (1929) 34 CARLO RIM On the Snapshot (1930) 37 vi CONTENTS PIERRE MAC ORLAN Preface to Atget Photographe de Paris (1930) 41 PHILIPPE SOUPAULT The Present State of Photography (1931) 50 MAN RAY The Age of Light (1934) 52 TRISTAN TZARA When Objects Dream (1934) 55 MAN RAY On Photographic Realism (1935) 57 Louis ARAGON John Heartfield and Revolutionary Beauty (1935) 60 Louis ARAGON Untitled contribution to The Quarrel over Realism (1936) 68 GERMANY LASZL6 MOHOLY-NAGY Production-Reproduction (1922) 79 LASZL6 MOHOLY-NAGY Unprecedented Photography (1927) 83 LASZL6 MOHOLY-NAGY Photography in Advertising (1927) 86 ERNO KALLAI, with responses from WILLI BAUMEISTER, ADOLF BEHNE, and LASZL6 MOHOLY-NAGY Painting and Photography; Excerpts (1927) 94 ALBERT RENGER-PATZSCH Aims(1927) 104 AUGUST SANDER Remarks on My Exhibition at the Cologne Art Union (1927) 106 CONTENTS ALBERT RENGER-PATZSCH Joy before the Object (1928) 108 HUGO SIEKER Absolute Realism: On the Photographs of Albert Renger-Patzsch (1928) 110 ERNO KALLAI Pictorial Photography (1928) 116 JAN TSCHICHOLD Photography and Typography (1928) 121 FRANZ HOLLERING Photomontage (1928) 128 LASZL6 MOHOLY-NAGY Sharp or Unsharp? A reply to Hans Windisch (1929) 132 ERNO KALLAI and ALBERT RENGER-PATZSCH Postscript to Photo-Inflation/Boom Times (1929) 140 ALBERT RENGER-PATZSCH Photography and Art (1929) 142 KURT KARL EBERLEIN On the Question: Original or Facsimile Reproduction? (1929) 145 ALEXANDER DORNER Original and Facsimile (1930) 151 WOLFGANG BORN Photographic Weltanschauung (1929) 155 FRANZ ROH The Value of Photography (1930) 160 PAUL RENNER The Photograph (1930) 164 WALTER PETERHANS On the Present State of Photography (1930) 170 viii CONTENTS HANS WINDISCH Seeing(1929) 175 RAOUL HAUSMANN Photomontage (1931) 178 DURUS (ALFRED KEM£NY) Photomontage, Photogram (1931) 182 RUDOLPH ARNHEIM Excerpt from Film as Art (1932) 186 RAOUL HAUSMANN and WERNER GRAFF How Does the Photographer See? (1933) 194 DURUS (ALFRED KEM£NY) Photomontage as a Weapon in Class Struggle (1932) 204 ERNST JUNGER Photography and the "Second Consciousness"; An excerpt from "On Pain" (1934) 207 USSR [GUSTAV KLUCIS?] Photomontage (1924) 211 OSSIP BRIK The Photograph versus the Painting (1926) 213 OSSIP BRIK What the Eye Does Not See (1926) 219 EL LISSITZKY The Architect's Eye; A review of Erich Mendelsohn's America (1926) 221 OSSIP BRIK From the Painting to the Photograph (1928) 227 YARVARA STEPANOVA Photomontage (1928) 234 CONTENTS ix ALEXANDER RODCHENKO Against the Synthetic Portrait, for the Snapshot (1928) 238 "A PHOTOGRAPHER" An Illustrated Letter to the Editor: At Home and Abroad (1928) 243 ALEXANDER RODCHENKO Downright Ignorance or a Mean Trick? (1928) 245 BORIS KUSHNER Open Letter to Rodchenko (1928) 249 SERGEI TRETYAKOV Photo-Notes (1928) 252 ALEXANDER RODCHENKO The Paths of Modern Photography (1928) 256 ALEXANDER RODCHENKO A Caution (1928) 264 BORIS KUSHNER Fulfilling a Request (1928) 267 [SERGEI TRETYAKOV] From the Editor (1928) 270 ALEXEI FEDOROV-DAVYDOV Introduction to Moholy-Nagy's Painting Photography Film (1929) 273 ANONYMOUS Program of the October Photo Section (1931) 283 ITALY ANTON GIULIO BRAGAGLIA Excerpts from Futurist Photodynamism (1913) 287 VINICIO PALADINI Photomontage (1929) 296 x CONTENTS F. T. MARINETTI and TATO Futurist Photography (1930) 299 ARTURO BRAGAGLIA Futurist Photography (1932) 301 NETHERLANDS CESAR DOMELA NIEUWENHUIS Photomontage (1931) 305 CZECHOSLOVAKIA VIL£M SANTHOLZER The Triumphant Beauty of Photography (1925) 309 KAREL TEIGE The Tasks of Modern Photography (1931) 312 JAROMI'R FUNKE From the Photogram to Emotion (1940) 323 Bibliography 331 Acknowledgments 348 .