THE HISTORY OF MALLAR-PALLAR - Indran, Shiva & Vishnu . IN TAMIL LITERATURES Translated from Tamil Ilakiyathil Pallar (Mallar) Devendra Kula Velalar- Adippadai Sanrugal By- Dr. Guruswami Siddhan AUTHOR Er. Dr. GURUSWAMI SIDDHAN B.E., M.Sc.(Engg.), Ph.D.(UConn.- USA) Copyright - Author Translated by Dr. C. Shivashanmugham M.A., M.A., Ph.D 2015 Published by Er. Dr. Guruswami Siddhan 1, Nalvar Nagar, Kalveerampalayam Bharathiar University [P.O] Coimbatore - 641 046 Veerammal Mallathiyaar - Guruswami Pannadi (Parents of the Author) Author Er. Dr. GURUSWAMI SIDDHAN B.E., M.Sc.(Engg.), Ph.D.(UConn.-USA) Contents 1. Introduction 5 2.5 Veeramaamuunivar's Teempaavani 26 1.1 History of Tamils 5 2.6. Mukkuutarpallu 27 1.2 Opinion of the 'Expert Committee 2.7 Vaiyaapurip Pallu 33 for History of Tamil Nadu' 5 2.8 Cenkoottuppallu and Tantikaik Kanakarayan Pallu 40 1.3 Is Malla a Community ? Are Mallas Known as Pallas ? 5 2.9 Peeruurppuraanam 41 1.4 Tamil poets having the name Mallanaar 7 2.10 Scholars who claim Pallars are Mallars 57 1.5 Dhivakara Nigandu 7 2.11 Kings of Mallar Community in other parts of India 61 1.6 Pinkala Nigandu 7 1.7. Kambar's Malla Community 8 3. The works referring to Pallar as Mallar even after the 1.8. Tirumurugarruppatai and Mallar 8 community name Mallar got changed as Pallar 63 1.9 Sangam Age classic Puranaanuur and Mallar 8 3.1 Aarruurppuraanam 63 1.10 Pallu poems and Mallar 8 3.2 Tiruvaaruur Tiyaagaraasa Liilai 65 1.11 Perur Puranam 9 3.3 Kuceeloopaakkiyaanam 73 1.12 Tempaavani and Mallar 9 3.4 Saint Paranjothi's Tiruvilaiyaatar Puranam 74 1.13 Saiva Siddhanta Publications and Mallar 9 3.5 Perum parrap Puliyuur Nambi's Tiruvaalavaayutaiyaar 94 1.14 Mahavidhwan MeenakshiSundharam Pillai and Mallas 9 3.6 Tiruvarurk Kovai 95 1.15 Tamil literary works and Mallars 10 3.7 Talapuranam of Chinnamanur or Arikesanallur 96 1.16 Malla Kings 11 3.8. Marutavanap Puranam 96 1.17 Deities, described as belonging to Mallar community 14 3.9 Kumaragurupara Swami's Madurai Meenakshi Ammai 98 1.18 Ancient Political System 15 3.10 Vinayaka Puranam 100 2. Books, Scholars and Mallar Community Poets 3.11 Palanippillaittamil 104 stating Mallar as a tradition, race and community 3.12 Veerapandiyan 106 and they are present day Pallars 16 4. Mallar, Pallar and Mallar in Nigandu 107 2.1 Tamil poets with the title Mallar 16 4.1 Divakara Nigandu 107 2.2. Kambaraamaayanam 20 4.2. Pinkala Nigandu 109 2.3. Puranaanuuru - Poem Number 388 22 4.3 Caturakarati compiled by Veeramamunivar 109 2.4 Tirumurugaarruppatai 24 4.4 Naamadeepa Nigandu 109 7.1 Purananuru 182 4.5 Abitaana Chintamani 111 7.2 Akananuru 193 7.3 Patirruppattu 208 4.6 N. Kathiraiverpillai's Tamil Dictionary 111 5. Later works describing people of Mallar community 7.4 Perumpanarruppatai 220 7.5 Kuruntokai 223 as Agriculturalists and Warriors 114 7.6 Ainkurunuru 227 5.1 Tiruvakuppu of Sage Arunagirinathar - Irantaam Vakuppu : Devendra Sanga Vakuppu 114 7.7 Kalittoka 229 5.2 Satakams of Kongu Mandalam 117 7.8 Narrinai 231 5.3 Harichandra Puranam 121 7.9 Paripatal 235 5.4 Sankara Narayana Swamy Koil Puranam 123 7.10 Takatuur Yaattirai 237 6. Medievial literary works depicting the people of 7.11 Perum Porul Vilakkam 240 Mallar community as Agriculturalsits, 7.12 Old Ramayanam 240 Warriors, God and Chiefs 128 7.13 Purattirattu 241 6.1 Kambaramayanam 128 7.14 Purattirattu Venpaamaalai 242 6.2 Gnanamirtam 137 6.3 Kandapuranam 138 8. Different names and sub-sects of Pallar, Mallar and 6.4 Periya puranam (or) Tiruttondar Maakkata 140 Devendra Kula Vellalars 244 6.5 Tirugnanasambandar's Devaram 144 8.1 Pallar, Mallar and Devendra Kula Vellalar 244 6.6 Manickavasakar's Tiruvasakam 146 8.2 Other names and sub-sects of Pallar, Mallar and 6.7 Yasodara Kaviyam 147 Devendra Kula Vellalas 246 6.8 Silappatikaram 147 9. Eesal 248 6.9 Civaka Cintamani 153 BIBLIOGRAPHY 250 6.10 Cuulaamani 167 INDEX OF POEMS 254 6.11 Perunkatai 168 INDEX OF POETS 259 7. Sangam works portraying the people of ABOUT THE AUTHOR 260 Mallar community as Chiefs, Warriors, Scheme of Transliteration 261 Kings and God 182 THE HISTORY OF MALLAR- PALLAR - Indran, Shiva & Vishnu IN TAMIL LITERATURES Guruswami Siddhan 5 CHAPTER I Mallas.. earlier. The labour class and others of Tamil origin who as- sisted the non-native kings to establish their kingdom and rule in Tamil INTRODUCTION land, received land gifts and power in lieu of their help. The non- native kings who ruled Tamil land enslaved the Mallas.. who were hith- erto in power and changed the name of their caste also. Realising the 1.1 History of the Tamils significance and status symbol of the title Vellala.. of the Mallas,.. these people grabbed the title from them and styled themselves as Vellalas. Tamil language has a literary tradition of more than two thousand .. years. The earliest extant Tamil work that is available at present is None of the modern historians has ever attempted to point out Tolkappiyam, written circa 2300 years back. This work and other lit- who were the descendents of our ancient Tamil kings. It was Deva erary works written in Tamil language bear a clear-cut testimony to Ashirvadam who in his scholarly works had pointed out that the people the political, social and cultural aspects of the life of Tamils of those who are called as Pallas.. in modern times were the people who origi- days. The literary works produced before 250 A.D. are called Sangam nally ruled the Tamil land and they belonged to the Malla.. community classics, those produced between 250 A.D. and 1300 A.D. medieval and were referred to as Vellalas.. in those days. Quoting heavily from works and those produced after 1300 A.D. later works. literary sources and other evidences, the above scholar in his well - documented books entitled Muuveentar Yaar? (Who were the three The period before 1300 A.D. was ruled by the Tamil kings who kings who ruled the three regions of Tamil land? ), Pallar alla Mallar were highly efficient and humane in nature. In this era, however, there .. .. aam Mannar (Not Pallas but Mallas, the kings) and Vellalar Yaar ? were no Tamil kings from third century A.D. for a period of about .. .. .. (Who are the Vellalas ?) has established the conclusion that the present three hundred years. Kalabrahs are said to have come to the throne and .. day Pallas were originally Mallas, the rulers of ancient Tamil land. have ruled the Tamil land during this period. This period is referred to .. .. The conclusion made by him is not subjective but objective and scien- in Tamil history as Kalabhra's interregnum. No literary pieces have tific in nature. been attested as produced in this period and moreover, the political history of this period is quite dark. Since the 14th century A.D. onwards, the Tamil kings were gradu- 1.2 Opinion of the 'Expert Committee for History of Tamil Nadu' ally conquered by the kings who spoke other languages like Telugu, Kannada, Marathi, and also by the Moghals. Around 16th century A.D. In order to cull out the history of the political and social life of there was not even a single Tamil king who ruled the Tamil land. the Tamils during Sangam period, the Government of Tamil Nadu con- stituted an Expert Committee through the Directorate of Tamil Devel- As the Tamil kings ceased to be in power, the people belonging opment and assigned it the duty of drafting the history of the Tamils. to the ethnic group Mallar.. who belonged to the Tamil kings' dynasty The Expert Committee has brought out publications on the history of and who were serving the Tamil kings as officials, warriors, agricul- Sangam period. In these books the Committee has given wrong and turists lost their power and authority. The non-natives of the land en- biased information about the Tamil king dynasty, Malla.. community, joyed power and authority together with those people who served the Pallars.. and the people of Marutam land. [Tamil literary tradition THE HISTORY OF MALLAR- PALLAR - Indran, Shiva & Vishnu IN TAMIL LITERATURES Guruswami Siddhan 6 divides the Tamil land into five types as 1. Kurinji (hill region), 2. suppress the truth and in a sense it has accepted the truth indirectly. Mullai (forest region), 3 Marutam (plain agricultural region), 4. In page number 423 of the above - cited book, there is a de- Neytal (coastal region) and 5. Paalai (desert region).] The Expert scription running to two pages about the people of the Kongu plains. Committee of historians has cited literary evidences gleaned from The description presented there is incorrect. First of all, there is no Sangam classics to drive home several of its arguments; but when it mention that the description about the plain land refers to Marutam comes to the historicity of the Tamil kings, it has chosen not to quote land. Second, it states that "the people living in the Kongu plains from the Sangam Tamil works but from the modern historical works could be divided into two major groups viz, 1. Veettuva and 2. Vellala. produced in the present century. The information given in these books .. .. The people of both these communities have the title Kongu Vellala. " are far from truth. These books have completely ignored the people .. belonging to the community Malla.. While describing the people of In this book on history describing the Sangam age, how is it Marutam land, they has chosen not to speak even a single word about possible to call the Veettuvas as the people of Marutam land ? All the Malla.