University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2006 Multiculturalism and the State: Globalization, National Protection, and the Role of Social Policy in Québec and Canada Corey Allen Blad University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Blad, Corey Allen, "Multiculturalism and the State: Globalization, National Protection, and the Role of Social Policy in Québec and Canada. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1641 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Corey Allen Blad entitled "Multiculturalism and the State: Globalization, National Protection, and the Role of Social Policy in Québec and Canada." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Sociology. Jon Shefner, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Paul Barrette, Sherry Cable, Harry Dahms, Asafa Jalata Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Cory Allen Blad entitled “Multiculturalism and the State: Globalization, National Protection, and the Role of Social Policy in Québec and Canada.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with as major in Sociology. Jon Shefner Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Paul Barrette Sherry Cable Harry Dahms Asafa Jalata Acceptance for the Council: Anne Mayhew Vice Chancellor and Dean of Graduate Studies (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) MULTICULTURALISM AND THE STATE: GLOBALIZATION, NATIONAL PROTECTION, AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL POLICY IN QUÉBEC AND CANADA A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Cory Allen Blad May 2006 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family by blood, marriage, friendship, and sprit. This one is for all of us. ii Acknowledgements The success of this project was made possible by several groups and individuals. Their efforts on my behalf are greatly appreciated by the author who only hopes that the product adequately reflects their support. First, I would like to thank my dissertation committee. Paul Barrette offered advice and information that did more to facilitate this project than I can give him credit for. Sherry Cable offered continual support and stylistic advice that made the writing process much more fluid. Harry Dahms is responsible for engaging my intellectual curiosity in Jürgen Habermas and showed tremendous patience with my struggles in understanding all he had to offer. Asafa Jalata provided substantial intellectual inspiration and always ensured that I would never forget my greater human responsibilities. Finally, Jon Shefner’s advice, skills, support, patience, and humor were invaluable to the point that I cannot show sufficient gratitude here. You never lost faith in my abilities and you never let me forget my weaknesses – both of which were essential. Earning your trust was one of the most gratifying experiences of my life. Financial and logistic support for fieldwork in Montréal and Ottawa was made possible by a Canadian Studies Graduate Student Fellowship administered by Foreign Affairs Canada through the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. Dan Abele and Emilian Papadopoulos were especially supportive of my project and scholarship. The Québec government was equally generous by providing grant support through the Québec Studies Program administered by the Ministère des Relations internationales and the tireless efforts of Yanick Godbout. Additional grant support was provided by the iii W.K. McClure Fund for the Study of World Affairs at the University of Tennessee and the generous support and assistance of Elizabeth Gregor. Ms. Gregor was particularly selfless with her time and efforts on my behalf for a period of several years during this project’s conceptual stages. Several individuals must be recognized for their friendly support and exhaustive knowledge: William Floch at Heritage Canada; Katia Bellai-Trottier and Ghislain Malette at the Canadian National Archives; Estelle Brisson at the Archives nationals du Québec; Olga Tzotis at Statistics Canada; Eleanor Read at the Social Sciences Data Services Division of the University of Tennessee Library System; Pierre Anctil, Philippe Couton, and Leslie Laczko at the University of Ottawa; Yolande Frenette at the Ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés culturelles; Denise Plamondon at Hydro-Québec; and Stephane Pronovost at Développement économique Canada. I would like to thank Nancy Brannon, Kyle Goldberg, George Gondo, Jeremy Honeycutt, Sarah Wegrzyn, Evan Weissman, and Sammy Zahran for taking the time to read selected chapters and offer perpetually helpful suggestions. Chuck Wright offered substantial conceptual help and, in fact, motivated much of the initial idea behind the project. Sean Huss and Lisa Zilney deserve special thanks for their timeless conversations and ideas that contributed to this project, my intellectual development, and my understanding of the world around me. Finally, I want to thank Terro Nelson for his vision, unequivocal love, and inspirational life. You may never read this but you’ll never be forgotten. I want to thank my entire family for their uncompromising belief in me and my dreams. My sisters, Liane and Anna, have provided support and inspiration throughout iv my life. This project proved no exception to that rule. My mother and father worked their entire lives to provide me with the opportunity to succeed. I am elated to tell them that their love and devotion were a complete success. I may not be nearby, but thanks to you I will always be a New Englander who continually works his ass off for those he loves and the causes he cares about. You deserve all the credit and honor – your sacrifices made my life possible. Finally, my wife and daughter deserve ultimate recognition for their love, support, and inspiration. Julia and Zoë, you both show me why my life is such a gift. Thank you both for your patience and love…without them I could never have achieved what you always told me I could. Thank you so much for everything you give. v Abstract This dissertation is an historical comparative examination of economic globalization (i.e., global market integration) effects on state political economic capacities in Québec and Canada. The central goal of the project is to understand how global market integration has altered the policy capacities of state institutions. Specifically, this dissertation examines Canadian multiculturalism and Québec interculturalism as social policy responses to ethno-cultural diversification resulting from increased global market integration. I argue that increased global market integration decreases state capacity to enact economic protections, but not the demand for protections from national populations. The result of these changes (ethno-cultural diversification and decreased economic policy capacity) is a shift in social policy capacity toward control and management of national cultural definitions, symbols, and structures of meaning. That is, as state capacity to meet national protectionist demands through economic policy decreases as a result of global market integration, the state must seek out alternative means of meeting national protectionist demands. These means are found in the management and control of national culture. The dissertation further concludes that this political re-orientation enables national populations to increases their relative power with respect to the state. This has placed the state in a precarious position between the powerful demands of global market proponents and the increasingly powerful demands of national populations for protections from the adverse affects of market integration. vi Table of Contents Chapter Page Part I: Methodological Framework and Theoretical Foundations 1 Part I Introduction 2 Chapter One: Conceptualizing and Analyzing the Contemporary 4 Nation-State 1. Founding Assumptions 6 1a. A Polanyian Perspective 12 2. Conceptualization and Preliminary Definitions 13 2a. Nationalism 13 2a1. A Note of the Comparability of Québec and Canada 16 3. Culture, Structure, and the Methodological Utility of Social Policy 19 3a. Culture: A Structure/Agency Approach 21 3b. Methodological Precedent and Framework 25 3b1. Structuration, Habitus/Field, and Communicative Action 26 3b2. Methodological Framework 31 3b3. Data Collection and Sources 32 4. Dissertation Structure 33 Chapter Two: Toward an Embedded Analysis of the Nation and State in 36 Globalization Studies