Managed Lanes and Ramp Metering Manual Managed Lanes and Ramp Metering Manual Part 2: Im Part 2: Impplleemmeennttaattiioonn PPllaann PPrreeppaarreedd fffoorr::: NNeevvaaddaa DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff TTrraannssppoorrttaattiioonn DDeecceemmbbeerr 22001133 Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. 319 E. Warm Springs Road, Suite 200 Las Vegas, NV 89119 TEL: 702.938.5400 FAX: 702.938.5454 Table of Contents 1.0. MANAGED LANES ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1. Prerequisite Conditions ............................................................................................. 1-1 1.2. Operational Options for Managed Lanes ............................................................. 1-2 1.2.1. Concurrent-Flow Lanes ..................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.1.1. Limited Access versus Continuous Access ................................................. 1-3 1.2.2. Reversible-Flow Lanes ....................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.3. Contraflow Lanes .............................................................................................. 1-6 1.3. Queue Bypass Lanes ................................................................................................. 1-7 1.4. Access Options (At-Grade versus Direct-Access Ramps) ................................... 1-8 1.4.1. At-Grade Access ............................................................................................... 1-8 1.4.2. Direct-Access Ramps ........................................................................................ 1-8 1.4.2.1. Direct-Access Local Drop Ramps ............................................................... 1-8 1.4.2.2. Direct-Access Flyover Ramps (Direct Connectors) .................................. 1-9 1.4.3. Summary of Access Options .......................................................................... 1-10 1.5. Planning and Evaluation Process .......................................................................... 1-10 1.5.1. Operating Thresholds ...................................................................................... 1-11 1.5.2. Regional Level Planning and Evaluation ..................................................... 1-11 1.5.2.1. Regional Level Screening Criteria ............................................................. 1-12 1.5.3. Corridor and Project Level Planning and Evaluation ................................. 1-15 1.5.3.1. Corridor and Project Level Screening Criteria ......................................... 1-15 1.5.4. Design Plan ....................................................................................................... 1-21 1.5.5. Operation Plan ................................................................................................. 1-21 1.6. Establishing Eligibility ................................................................................................ 1-22 1.6.1. Occupancy ...................................................................................................... 1-22 1.6.1.1. HOV to HOT Lane Conversion.................................................................... 1-23 1.6.2. Vehicle Type Eligibility ..................................................................................... 1-24 1.7. Establishing Hours of Operation ............................................................................. 1-24 1.8. Performance Measurement ................................................................................... 1-25 1.8.1. Data Needs ...................................................................................................... 1-26 1.8.2. Agency Roles ................................................................................................... 1-26 1.8.3. Performance Measures .................................................................................. 1-28 Nevada Department of Transportation i Managed Lanes and Ramp Metering Part 2: Implementation Plan 1.8.4. Reporting .......................................................................................................... 1-29 1.9. Pricing ........................................................................................................................ 1-30 1.9.1. Price Variability ................................................................................................ 1-30 1.9.2. Separation Treatments for Pricing ................................................................. 1-30 1.9.3. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) ...................................................................... 1-31 1.10. Enforcement Considerations ................................................................................. 1-32 1.11. Incident Management ........................................................................................... 1-32 1.12. Resource Needs ....................................................................................................... 1-34 1.12.1. Funding ............................................................................................................. 1-35 1.13. Phasing ...................................................................................................................... 1-36 Section References .............................................................................................................. 1-38 2.0. RAMP METERING ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1. Ramp Metering Warrant Analysis ............................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1. Problem Analysis ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1.1. Safety .............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1.2. Congestion ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2. Systematic Warrant Process ............................................................................. 2-2 2.1.2.1. Individual Warrants ........................................................................................ 2-2 2.1.2.2. Overall Ramp Metering Warrant ................................................................. 2-3 2.1.3. Warrant Analysis Example ................................................................................ 2-6 2.2. Location Analysis ....................................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.1. Single Ramp versus System Approach ........................................................... 2-7 2.3. Impact Analysis .......................................................................................................... 2-7 2.3.1. Diversion .............................................................................................................. 2-7 2.3.2. Equity ................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.3.3. Public Perception .............................................................................................. 2-8 2.4. Ramp Metering Approach ....................................................................................... 2-9 2.4.1. Local versus Coordinated/System-Wide Control .......................................... 2-9 2.4.1.1. Local Control .................................................................................................. 2-9 2.4.1.2. Coordinated/System-Wide Control ............................................................ 2-9 2.4.2. Pretimed versus Traffic Responsive Control ................................................. 2-10 2.4.2.1. Pretimed Control ......................................................................................... 2-10 2.4.2.2. Traffic Responsive Control .......................................................................... 2-11 Nevada Department of Transportation ii Managed Lanes and Ramp Metering Part 2: Implementation Plan 2.4.3. Summary of Ramp Metering Approaches ................................................... 2-11 2.4.4. Operator Control ............................................................................................. 2-13 2.5. Ramp Metering Algorithms .................................................................................... 2-13 2.6. Flow Control Scheme .............................................................................................. 2-14 2.6.1. Metering Release Rate ................................................................................... 2-14 2.6.1.1. One Car per Green ..................................................................................... 2-14 2.6.1.2. Two Cars per Green .................................................................................... 2-14 2.6.2. Number of Storage Lanes .............................................................................. 2-15 2.6.2.1. Single-Lane Metering .................................................................................. 2-15 2.6.2.2. Multi-Lane Metering .................................................................................... 2-15 2.7. HOV Bypass Lane .................................................................................................... 2-15 2.8. Determining Number of Lanes to Meter .............................................................