S. HRG. 115–448, PT. 7 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 AND THE FUTURE YEARS DEFENSE PROGRAM HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1519 TO AUTHORIZE APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 FOR MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, FOR MILITARY CON- STRUCTION, AND FOR DEFENSE ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, TO PRESCRIBE MILITARY PERSONNEL STRENGTHS FOR SUCH FISCAL YEAR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES PART 7 STRATEGIC FORCES MAY 17, 24; JUNE 7, 2017 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.govinfo.gov/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 35–942 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:59 Apr 17, 2019 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\USERS\WR47328\DESKTOP\35942.TXT WILDA COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona, Chairman JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JACK REED, Rhode Island ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi BILL NELSON, Florida DEB FISCHER, Nebraska CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri TOM COTTON, Arkansas JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire MIKE ROUNDS, South Dakota KIRSTEN E. GILLIBRAND, New York JONI ERNST, Iowa RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut THOM TILLIS, North Carolina JOE DONNELLY, Indiana DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska MAZIE K. HIRONO, Hawaii DAVID PERDUE, Georgia TIM KAINE, Virginia TED CRUZ, Texas ANGUS S. KING, JR., Maine LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico BEN SASSE, Nebraska ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts LUTHER STRANGE, Alabama GARY C. PETERS, Michigan CHRISTIAN D. BROSE, Staff Director ELIZABETH L. KING, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES DEB FISCHER, Nebraska, Chairman JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JOE DONNELLY, Indiana TOM COTTON, Arkansas MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts TED CRUZ, Texas GARY C. PETERS, Michigan LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:59 Apr 17, 2019 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 8486 Sfmt 8486 C:\USERS\WR47328\DESKTOP\35942.TXT WILDA C O N T E N T S MAY 17, 2017 Page MILITARY SPACE ORGANIZATION, POLICY, AND PROGRAMS .................................... 1 Wilson, Honorable Heather A., Secretary of the Air Force, Accompanied by General David L. Goldfein, USAF, Chief of Staff of the Air Force; General John W. Raymond, USAF, Commander, Air Force Space Command; Lieutenant General Samuel A. Greaves, USAF, Commander, Space and Missile Systems Center, Air Force Space Command; Cristina T. Chaplain, Director of Acquisition and Sourcing Management, Government Account- ability Office ......................................................................................................... 3 Goldfein, General David L., USAF, Chief of Staff of the Air Force ..................... 4 Questions for the Record ......................................................................................... 32 MAY 24, 2017 THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................. 45 Klotz, Honorable Frank G., Under Secretary for Nuclear Security, Depart- ment of Energy ..................................................................................................... 47 Cange, Susan M., Acting Assistant Secretary of Energy for Environmental Management, Department of Energy ................................................................. 55 Caldwell, Admiral James F., Jr., USN, Deputy Administrator for Naval Reac- tors, National Nuclear Security Administration ............................................... 61 Trimble, David C., Director, Natural Resources and Environment, Govern- ment Accountability Office .................................................................................. 65 Questions for the Record ......................................................................................... 115 JUNE 7, 2017 NUCLEAR ACQUISITION PROGRAMS AND THE NUCLEAR DOCTRINE ........................ 127 Rand, General Robin, USAF, Commander, Air Force Global Strike Command .. 129 MacStravic, James A., Performing the Duties of Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics .......................................................... 136 Soofer, Robert M., Ph.D., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Missile Defense Policy .................................................................................. 141 Benedict, Vice Admiral Terry J., USN, Director, Strategic Systems Programs .. 145 Questions for the Record ......................................................................................... 171 (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:59 Apr 17, 2019 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 8486 Sfmt 8486 C:\USERS\WR47328\DESKTOP\35942.TXT WILDA VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:59 Apr 17, 2019 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 8486 Sfmt 8486 C:\USERS\WR47328\DESKTOP\35942.TXT WILDA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2018 AND THE FUTURE YEARS DEFENSE PROGRAM WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 2017 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, DC. MILITARY SPACE ORGANIZATION, POLICY, AND PROGRAMS The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:00 p.m. in Room SR–222, Russell Senate Office Building, Senator Deb Fischer (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Senators Fischer, Cotton, Sullivan, Cruz, Rounds, Don- nelly, Heinrich, Warren, and Peters. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR DEB FISCHER Senator FISCHER. Good afternoon and welcome. The hearing will come to order. The committee meets today to receive testimony on space organi- zation, policy, and programs. I would like to thank the very distin- guished panel of witnesses for agreeing to testify before us today. Space-based capabilities are integral to the way our military op- erates and our society functions. As previous hearings in this sub- committee have documented, our adversaries are developing in- creasingly sophisticated ways to attack U.S. space assets and ex- ploit the domain for their own purposes. General Hyten, General Raymond’s predecessor and the current STRATCOM [Strategic Command] commander, told us just last month that space is a warfighting domain just like air, ground, maritime, and cyber, and we must normalize how we plan and op- erate in space. This new environment requires a flexible and an innovative mili- tary space enterprise capable of overcoming an ever-changing threat picture and rapidly delivering capabilities to the warfighter. However, the work of numerous reviews and commissions suggests there is a deep gap between the space enterprise that we need and the one that we have. For example, the Rumsfeld Commission concluded in 2001 that the Department of Defense is not yet arranged or focused to meet the national security space needs of the 21st Century. More re- (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 09:59 Apr 17, 2019 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\USERS\WR47328\DESKTOP\35942.TXT WILDA 2 cently, a study by the GAO [Government Accountability Office] di- rected by this subcommittee in 2015 concluded that DOD [Depart- ment of Defense] space leadership responsibilities are fragmented and spread across approximately 60 stakeholder organizations from DOD to the Executive Office of the President to the intelligence community and civilian agencies. Eight of the 60 stakeholders have acquisition responsibilities, 11 are responsible for oversight, and 6 are involved in setting requirements for defense space programs. I question whether such an arrangement can meet the Nation’s needs in space, and I look forward to hearing our witnesses’ views on how the current architecture can be improved. As we examine the organizational structure of the space enter- prise, it is equally important that we ensure it receives the nec- essary personnel and resources. A recent study by the Department of Defense Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, or CAPE, noted that funding for space procurement and research and development are both at or near 30-year lows. Additionally, my colleague on the House Armed Services Com- mittee, Congressman Rogers, has noted that out of the 37 nominees in March on the Air Force promotion list, from colonels to one-star generals, none of the nominees were career space professionals, like General Hyten, General Raymond, and Lieutenant General Greaves were at that point in their career. Both of these state- ments call into question whether the Department is appropriately prioritizing space. Let me again thank the witnesses for their service and for testi- fying today. I now recognize the ranking member, Senator Donnelly, for any opening remarks he would like to make. Senator Donnelly? STATEMENT OF SENATOR JOE DONNELLY Senator DONNELLY. Thank you, Madam Chair. I want to start by thanking all of our witnesses for being here today, and thanking you for calling this hearing on such an impor- tant subject. Secretary Wilson and General Goldfein, your presence here today sends a powerful message on the importance of these issues to our national security. Thanks for joining us and for your leadership on defense space issues. General Raymond, this is your first time before the committee, and I welcome and look forward to your input. General Greaves, I understand that this will be your last appear- ance as director of the Space and Missile System Center. Let me thank you for your service and leadership. I know you will miss us immensely