VYSOKEU´ CENˇ ´I TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKACNˇ ´ICH TECHNOLOGI´I USTAV´ TELEKOMUNIKAC´I FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS MULTIMEDIALN´ ´IS´ITEˇ V AUTOMOBILECH DIPLOMOVA´ PRACE´ MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRACE´ BC. PETR KNOPP AUTHOR BRNO 2009 VYSOKEU´ CENˇ ´I TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKACNˇ ´ICH TECHNOLOGI´I USTAV´ TELEKOMUNIKAC´I FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS MULTIMEDIALN´ ´IS´ITEˇ V AUTOMOBILECH MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS IN CARS DIPLOMOVA´ PRACE´ MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRACE´ BC. PETR KNOPP AUTHOR VEDOUC´I PRACE´ ING. MARTIN KOUTNY´ SUPERVISOR BRNO 2009 ZDE VLOZITˇ LIST ZADAN´ ´I Z d˚uvodu spr´avn´eho ˇc´ıslov´an´ıstr´anek ZDE VLOZITˇ PRVN´I LIST LICENCNˇ ´I SMLOUVY Z d˚uvodu spr´avn´eho ˇc´ıslov´an´ıstr´anek ZDE VLOZITˇ DRUHY´ LIST LICENCNˇ ´I SMLOUVY Z d˚uvodu spr´avn´eho ˇc´ıslov´an´ıstr´anek ABSTRAKT Modern´ıelektronika se st´av´anezbytnou souˇc´ast´ıdneˇsn´ıch automobil˚u. Dynamicky se rozv´ıjej´ıc´ıinformaˇcn´ıa telematick´esluˇzby nach´azej´ıˇsirok´euplatnˇen´ıv automobilov´em prostˇred´ı.Modern´ıaplikace vyˇzaduj´ıpˇrenosvelk´eho mnoˇzstv´ıdat, coˇzjim zajiˇsˇtuj´ıdneˇsn´ı komunikaˇcn´ı protokoly. C´ılem m´ediplomov´epr´ace je anal´yzaa n´avrhimplementace mutlimedi´aln´ıch s´ıt´ıdo automobil˚u. Jednotliv´en´avhyjsou chrakerizov´any a srovn´any podle poˇzadavk˚u, kter´ym jsou v automobilov´emprostˇred´ıvystaveny. Navrˇzen´etopologie vyuˇz´ıvaj´ınejen dnes pouˇz´ıvan´etechnologie, ale jsou zde i n´avrhy, kter´enebyly dosud v automobilov´emprostˇred´ı pouˇzity. Jednotliv´en´avrhyjsou srovn´anya vyhodnoceny z pohledu automobilov´eho v´yrobce. KL´ICOVˇ A´ SLOVA multimedi´aln´ıs´ıˇt, automobilov´y,CAN, MOST, IDB1394, APIX, optick´evl´akno ABSTRACT Automotive manufacturers face interesting challenges as electronic devices are becoming essential in modern vehicles. One of the most rapidly growing domains is infotainment and telematics, where applications require a large amount of data to be transmitted on-board and also exchanged with the external world. This thesis is intended to ana- lyze possible implementations of multimedia networks in vehicles, in relation to various aspects and features in this area. Based on various requirements different multimedia networks are proposed and studied, making a comparison between them with regards to a number of criteria. A broad approach during the investigation of the multimedia protocols is chosen in order to enlarge the area of used technology. The comparison gives an insight into the particular proposed solutions from the automotive industry’s point of view. Based on the comparison of the proposals a suitable multimedia network can be chosen. KEYWORDS multimedia networks, automotive, performance requirements, vehicle, CAN, MOST, IDB1394, APIX, optical fiber KNOPP, P. Multimedia Networks in Cars. Brno: Vysok´euˇcen´ıtechnick´ev Brnˇe,Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikaˇcn´ıch technologi´ı,2009. 73 s. Vedouc´ıdiplomov´epr´aceIng. Martin Koutn´y. PROHLA´SENˇ ´I Prohlaˇsuji, ˇzesvou diplomovou pr´acina t´ema Multimedi´aln´ıs´ıtˇev automobilech jsem vypracoval samostatnˇepod veden´ımvedouc´ıhodiplomov´epr´ace a s pouˇzit´ım odborn´e literatury a dalˇs´ıch informaˇcn´ıch zdroj˚u,kter´ejsou vˇsechny citov´anyv pr´acia uvedeny v seznamu literatury na konci pr´ace. Jako autor uveden´ediplomov´epr´ace d´aleprohlaˇsuji,ˇzev souvislosti s vytvoˇren´ım t´eto diplomov´epr´acejsem neporuˇsil autorsk´apr´avatˇret´ıch osob, zejm´ena jsem nezas´ahl nedovolen´ymzp˚usobem do ciz´ıch autorsk´ychpr´av osobnostn´ıcha jsem si plnˇevˇedom n´asledk˚uporuˇsen´ıustanoven´ı § 11 a n´asleduj´ıc´ıch autorsk´eho z´akona ˇc.121/2000 Sb., vˇcetnˇemoˇzn´ychtrestnˇepr´avn´ıch d˚usledk˚uvypl´yvaj´ıc´ıch z ustanoven´ı § 152 trestn´ıho z´akona ˇc. 140/1961 Sb. VBrnˇedne ............... .................................. (podpis autora) CONTENTS Introduction 12 1 Infotainment Systems and Related Projects 13 1.1 Background - Automotive Embedded Systems . 13 1.2 Telematic and Infotainment Systems . 13 1.2.1 Safety and Security . 13 1.2.2 Remote Vehicle Diagnostics . 14 1.2.3 In-Vehicle Telephony Systems . 14 1.2.4 Navigation and Fleet Management . 15 1.2.5 Audio Video Systems . 15 1.2.6 Connectivity . 16 1.3 Related Projects . 16 1.3.1 Prototype of IDB-1394 Network . 16 1.3.2 SCOOT-R . 17 1.3.3 Ad-hoc Network . 18 1.3.4 Video Transfer over WLAN . 19 1.3.5 MOST Networks in the Car Industry . 19 2 Automotive Networks and Protocols 20 2.1 MOST . 20 2.1.1 Application Section . 20 2.1.2 Network section . 23 2.1.3 Physical section . 26 2.2 SAE J1939 . 29 2.2.1 Physical Layer . 29 2.2.2 Data Link Layer . 29 2.2.3 Network Layer . 30 2.2.4 Vehicle Application Layer . 31 2.2.5 Network Management . 31 2.3 IDB-1394 . 32 2.3.1 IDB-1394 Specification . 32 2.3.2 Topology Configuration . 33 2.4 APIX Link . 34 3 Performance Requirements 36 3.1 Performance Requirements and Characteristics of Automotive Multi- media Systems . 36 3.1.1 Requirements of automotive electronics . 36 3.1.2 Requirements of Telematic and Infotainment systems . 39 3.1.3 Relations between aspects . 42 4 Evaluation of different topologies 43 4.1 CAN-based Networks . 43 4.1.1 Typical Multimedia Topology for Vehicles . 43 4.1.2 Description . 43 4.1.3 Communication . 43 4.1.4 Aspects . 44 4.1.5 Summary . 47 4.2 MOST50 Network . 48 4.2.1 Description . 48 4.2.2 Related projects . 49 4.2.3 Communication . 49 4.2.4 Aspects . 51 4.2.5 Summary . 53 4.3 Network based on IDB-1394 . 54 4.3.1 Description . 54 4.3.2 Aspects . 54 4.3.3 Summary . 56 4.4 Network using the APIX link . 57 4.4.1 Description . 57 4.4.2 Communication . 57 4.4.3 Aspects . 59 4.4.4 Summary . 61 4.5 Comparison of the Proposed Networks . 62 Conclusions 64 References 66 List of Acronyms 69 List of Appendix 70 Appendix A 71 A.1.1 MSC Introduction . 71 A.1.2 MSC Example . 71 LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Virtual and real communication between two devices . 23 2.2 Structure of MOST25 Data Frame . 24 2.3 Structure of MOST50 Data Frame . 25 3.1 Performance requirements . 36 4.1 Insufficiency of CAN bus as a multimedia network . 44 4.2 CAN-based solution . 45 4.3 MOST50 Network . 48 4.4 MOST Example . 49 4.5 Topology of the proposed IDB-1394 network . 54 4.6 Topology based on the APIX link . 58 A.7 Adaptation of MSCs for Automotive Multimedia Networks: a) Gen- eral instance for user interaction b) MSCs message c) Timer (set and timeout) . 71 A.8 An example from section 4.2.3 described by MSCs . 72 LIST OF TABLES 2.1 MOST network matching the OSI Model . 21 2.2 SAE J1939 network matching the OSI Model . 30 2.3 IDB-1394 network matching the OSI Model . 33 4.1 Aspects of the particular solutions compared to each other . 62 INTRODUCTION The automotive industry reached an important stage of its development process. Automotive companies are generally becoming more open to introducing new tech- nologies into their products. Thus, plenty of new technologies are developed to fulfill the increasing requirements for heterogeneous services on-board and to pro- vide sophisticated vehicles equipped by various modern technologies. Multimedia networks in automotive environment, which is the focus of this project, belongs to one of the significant and rapidly improving technologies. The multimedia net- works in the car industry is currently undergoing the dynamic changes. My work will considerably benefit from the experiences gained during the development and implementation process of multimedia technologies in the car industry. The newly introduced technologies can bring to the car manufacturer a great deal of benefits for the competitive automotive industry. This project is based on [1]. Pursuing these lines of thoughts, my project is intended for the development pro- cess and implementation of multimedia networks into the automotive environment. In the first part of the project the current multimedia communication technologies and protocols used in the automotive domain are deeply studied. The second phase is closely related to the performance requirements of the current infotainment and telematics systems. An important aspects that may affect the design and choice of multimedia communication networks are discussed and the relations between them are explained. Finally, the third phase, analysis how particular multimedia proto- cols could be integrated in the electronics architectures of the car and which network topologies meets all of the requirements best. Solutions satisfying different aspects are proposed and the trade-offs between various alternatives are explained. In an- other words, by combining the results from the first and the second phase, the third phase is accomplished by the suggestion of different networks topologies and their further specifications. This thesis proposes different multimedia networks topologies, which constitutes an important step towards establishing the needs of multimedia automotive networks in the automotive industry. 12 1 INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS AND RELATED PROJECTS 1.1 Background - Automotive Embedded Systems Automotive systems can be defined as combination of mechanical, electronic, control and software components belonging to the wider area of mechatronics [2]. Embed- ded systems are systems, where the computer is a part of a larger system performing its requirements. Embedded systems are widely implemented in today’s automotive industry and are significantly changing the properties of the device they are em- bedded into [2]. Automotive embedded systems provides working environments for automotive applications. Generally the automotive applications are divided into different groups from different points of view (e.g.