Mobility • Safety • Economy • Environment Better data for smarter decision-making The proposed Car Club-Local Authority Data Standard Chenyang Wu, Aruna Sivakumar, Scott Le Vine Urban Systems Lab, Imperial College London December 2020 The Royal Automobile Club Foundation for Motoring Ltd is a transport policy and research organisation which explores the economic, mobility, safety and environmental issues relating to roads and their users. The Foundation publishes independent and authoritative research with which it promotes informed debate and advocates policy in the interest of the responsible motorist. RAC Foundation 89–91 Pall Mall London SW1Y 5HS Tel no: 020 7747 3445 www.racfoundation.org Registered Charity No. 1002705 December 2020 © Copyright Royal Automobile Club Foundation for Motoring Ltd Mobility • Safety • Economy • Environment Better data for smarter decision-making The proposed Car Club-Local Authority Data Standard Chenyang Wu, Aruna Sivakumar, Scott Le Vine Urban Systems Lab, Imperial College London December 2020 About the Author Dr Chenyang Wu is currently a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at Southeast University (in Nanjing, China). She obtained her PhD degree at Imperial College London in 2019, and worked as a Research Associate at Imperial College London until summer 2020. Her research is focused on understanding the preference of travellers, providing mobility services based on the needs of travellers, and mitigating the problems that are brought by the excessive use of private cars. Dr Aruna Sivakumar is a senior lecturer in travel behaviour and urban systems modelling at the Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College London. She is director of the Urban Systems Lab, and leads several smart city and systems modelling initiatives. Her research spans a wide range of issues including the adoption, use and charging patterns for private electric vehicles (EV) and EV fleets, the impacts of dynamic pricing on carsharing demand, the impacts of emerging mobility services on travel mode choice, activity based modelling of travel and resource demands etc. Her review paper on urban energy systems and journal article on activity-based travel demand modelling have both been cited over 400 times. Aruna is a member of several scientific committees, including the Travel Forecasting Resources subcommittee of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in the US. Dr Scott Le Vine is an Honourary Research Fellow at Imperial College London's Urban Systems Lab, with a research focus on shared mobility networks. He is appointed to the USA's Transportation Research Board's standing committee on emerging technologies in public transport, and is an immediate past Trustee of CoMoUK. Le Vine has published approximately three dozen peer-reviewed articles and presented 50+ conference papers. He authored the seminal research reports Car Rental 2.0 and On the Move: Making sense of car and train travel trends in Britain for the RAC Foundation. Disclaimer This report has been prepared for the RAC Foundation by Dr Chenyang Wu, Dr Aruna Sivakumar and Dr Scott Le Vine of the Urban Systems Lab, Imperial College London. Any errors or omissions are the authors’ sole responsibility. The report content reflects the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the RAC Foundation. i Better data for smarter decision-making: the proposed Car Club-Local Authority Data Standard www.racfoundation.org ii Contents Foreword ..............................................................................................................................v Foreword .............................................................................................................................vi Foreword ............................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................viii 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background on car clubs ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Why consider a data sharing framework? ...................................................................... 5 1.3 Aim and scope .............................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Research Approach ....................................................................................................... 8 2 Background on data sharing frameworks, platforms and regulations ................................... 9 2.1 General Transit Feed Specification ............................................................................... 10 2.2 General Bikeshare Feed Specification .......................................................................... 11 2.3 Mobility Data Specification ........................................................................................... 11 2.4 Ridesourcing regulatory information platform in China .................................................. 12 2.5 Car club data standard: Milan ...................................................................................... 13 2.6 Transport for London open data .................................................................................. 13 2.7 Communauto open data .............................................................................................. 14 2.8 New York Taxi and Limousine Commission .................................................................. 14 2.9 Multimodal travel information services regulation .......................................................... 15 2.10 Summary ................................................................................................................... 15 3 Interviews .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Polis Network .............................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Cities ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 20 4 In-person workshops ......................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Workshop with local authorities ................................................................................... 22 i Better data for smarter decision-making: the proposed Car Club-Local Authority Data Standard www.racfoundation.org ii 4.2 Workshop with car club operators ............................................................................... 24 4.3 Workshop with third-party experts ............................................................................... 25 4.4 Post-workshop engagement ....................................................................................... 26 5 The proposed CLADS data sharing standard ..................................................................... 29 6 How can CLADS data provide value to car club and local authority stakeholders? ............. 33 6.1 Fictional scenario 1: Josephine .................................................................................... 34 6.2 Fictional scenario 2: Clyde ........................................................................................... 44 6.3 Fictional scenario 3: Ahmed ......................................................................................... 51 7 Future considerations for the CLADS data sharing framework ........................................... 52 7.1 Who owns the data? ................................................................................................... 52 7.2 Potential value of the data to analysts outside local authorities ..................................... 53 7.3 Who maintains ownership of the data standard? How does this relate to a data sharing platform or repository? ............................................................................ 53 7.4 Level of granularity ....................................................................................................... 55 7.5 Extensions to the data sharing framework ................................................................... 55 8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 57 References ........................................................................................................................ 58 Appendices: Details of data sharing frameworks ................................................................ 63 Appendix 1: General Transit Feed Specification ................................................................. 63 Appendix 2: General Bikeshare Feed Specification (GBFS) ................................................ 65 Appendix 3: Mobility Data Specification ............................................................................. 66 Appendix 4: Ridesourcing Regulatory Information Platform in China .................................. 67 Appendix 5: Car Club Data Standard: Milan ....................................................................... 68 Appendix 6: Multimodal Travel Information Service