24th International Enamellers Congress 80th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum 24th International Enamellers Congress 80th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum A Collection of Papers Presented at the 24th International Enamellers Congress and 80th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum May 28-June 1, 2018 Chicago, IL Program Chair Charles Baldwin Program Vice Chair Monica Sawicki Program Committee Chair Joe Melaro Editor Renee Pershinsky Publisher Cullen Hackler 24th International Enamellers Congress 80th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum Copyright 2018 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................... ix 2018 PEI Officers ............................................................................................................. xi 2018 Technical Forum Committee ................................................................................. xiii Past PEI Technical Forum Committee Chairs ..................................................................xv 2018 Proceedings Session A A.I. Andrews Memorial Lecture Can We Escape Trade Disaster in 2018? ............................................................................1 Dr. Phil Levy (The Chicago Council) Novel Inkjet Inks and Porcelain Enamels for Digital Decoration ......................................7 Carlos Concepcion, Jaime Guillen, Paul Toth, Oscar Ruiz (Torrecid) Mobile Application of Porcelain Enamel .........................................................................13 James Lakeman (Glasslined Technologies) Limits for Metals – Trace Elements or Poison? Part 2 ....................................................21 Dr. Jörg Wendel (Wendel GmbH) Evolutions of the Norms and Regulations in the European Market for Enamel Coatings in Contact with Food and Drinkable Water .......................................................31 Karine Sarrazy (Ferro France SARL) Enameling without Nickel and Cobalt ..............................................................................39 Koen Lips and Johan De Soete (Prince Minerals) Functionalization of Enamelled Surfaces with Top Coatings For Food Contact and Drinking Water Compliance .............................................................................................47 Angelo Sole (Colorobbia) Achieving Consistent Superior Finish Results Using Advanced Automation and Process Control Capability ...............................................................................................55 Phil Flasher (Gema) Automatic Powder Enameling Line for Water Heaters ....................................................61 Vito Pirulli (New Furnace Italia S.R.L.) 24th International Enamellers Congress • v Boiler Enamel Application: Process Comparison ............................................................69 Marco Ghirimoldi (Wagner Group) Key Approaches to Electrostatic Spraying Equipment of Powder Porcelain Enamel and Its Latest Development ...............................................................................................75 Yang Yi (Nordson) New Developments in the Field of Digital Printing and Process Control ........................83 Dr. Dieter Gödeke, Thomas Erb, Todd Barson (Ferro Corporation) The Frit For Stainless Steel Enameling .............................................................................91 Chizuru Hashimoto (Tomatec) Research of Extra-Long Steel Pipe Enameling .................................................................95 Jiang Weizhong (Donghua University) Pan Pengfei (Qingdao Zhongbang Science & Tech Development Co. Ltd) Session B Reaction Kinetics at the Glass-Steel Interface During Firing of Vitreous Porcelain Enamels ...........................................................................................................................103 H. Bornhöft, S. Striepe, J. Deubener (Clausthal University of Technology) J. Wendel (Wendel GmbH) Finite Element Analysis Modeling of Thermal Stresses in Layered Glass/Steel Composites ......................................................................................................................109 Audrey Higgins, Mark R. De Guire (Case Western Reserve University) Charles Baldwin (Ferro Corporation) Effect of Continuous Annealing Process on Microstructure and Properties of Ultra-Low Carbon Cold Rolled Enamel Steel ................................................................115 Zhang Yi (Technology Center of Masteel) Wu Hongyan, Du Linxiu (Northeastern University) HELIOS Magma: The Innovative Method to Measure the Hydrogen Activity in the Enamelling Furnace to Prevent Fishscale Defects ..........................................................123 Serena Corsinovi (Letomec SRL) Vito Pirulli (New Furnace Italia SRL) Paolo Rossi (Electrolux Italia) Renzo Valentini (University of Pisa) Influence of the Enamelling Process on Hydrogen Permeation .....................................129 M. Leveaux, Z. Zermout, L. Moli Sanchez, I. Lizarraga Ferro (ArcelorMittal Global R&D) 24th International Enamellers Congress • vi The HELIOS Approach to the Fishscale Defect: The Forced Fishscale Test and the Effect of Steel Thickness ................................................................................................137 Michele Barsanti, Randa Ishak, Renzo Valentini (University of Pisa) Karine Sarrazy (Ferro France SARL) Serena Corsinovi (Letomec SRL) Effect of Precipitation Characteristics on Fishscaling Resistance of Enamel Steel Sheet ................................................................................................................................147 Xu Chun, Yang Ming, Pang Linghuan (Shanghai Institute of Technology) Sun Quanshe (Baoshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.) The Development and Application of Steel Sheet for Glass-Lining at Baosteel ............155 Sun Quanshe, Wang Shuangcheng, Wei Jiao (Baoshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.) Zhu Jun (Jiangsu Gongtang Chemical Equipments Co., Ltd.) Xu Chun (Shanghai Institute of Technology) Fishscale Resistant Enamels ...........................................................................................163 Ismail Keskin (Keskin Kimya) A Suitable Coloring Means for Electrostatic Powder Enamels ......................................171 B. N. Rachman, H. Ohnishi, Y. Jyono, N. Mizutani (Tomatec) Innovative Glass-Ceramic Coatings for Titanium Implants ...........................................175 L.L. Bragina, O.V. Savvova, O.Y. Fesenko, O.V. Babitch (National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic Institute”) The Diffusion of Elements from Enamel Surfaces .........................................................183 Eckhard Voss (Wendel GmbH) Active Enamel Coated Wires for Concrete Reinforcement ............................................189 Frank A. Kuchinski, Madeline A. Kuchinski (3C Inc.) W. Mark McGinley (University of Louisville) Properties of Vitreous Enamel Coatings Deposited on Aluminum Foam ......................207 S. Rossi, L. Bergamo (University of Trento) A.M. Compagnoni (Emaylum Italia) Session C Managing Essential Process and Equipment Know-How ..............................................215 Ronald Ditmer (Ditmer Trading & Consulting BV) Upgraded Ready to Use Powder .....................................................................................221 Hidekazu Onishi, Ronghui Zhang, Lizhen Lin, Yansong He (Tomatec) Lead-free Enamels in Fine Arts ......................................................................................225 O. Ryzhova, V. Goleus (Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology) 24th International Enamellers Congress • vii M. Khokhlov (Novomoskovskaya posuda) New Enamel Powder Spray and Recovery Technology Offers Greater Production Flexibility and Output .....................................................................................................231 Christopher Merritt (Gema) 50+ Years with Enamel ...................................................................................................239 Alfonz Moravcik, Martin Moravcik (Festap) Electrostatic Porcelain Powder Coating: Variables that Affect First Pass Transfer Efficiency ........................................................................................................................249 Frank Mohar (Nordson) Development of Vitreous Enamel Coatings Used in Demanding Industrial Storage Applications and Respective Verification Methodologies .............................................253 S. Ali (Permastore Ltd) Glasslined Austenitic Stainless Steel Equipment ...........................................................261 Giorgio Cappuccilli (Glasskem SRL) Common Defects in Manufacture of Enameled Hot Water Heaters ...............................267 Dana Fick, Kyla McKinley, Ian Toupin (Ferro Corporation) Xinyong Shao, Yan Guo (Ferro (Suzhou) Performance Materials Co., Ltd.) Know Your Challenges Related to Mechanical and Chemical Cleaning/Pretreatments ...................................................................................................273 Suresh Patel (BASF Group) Effect of Pretreatment on Enamel Properties of Packed and Enameled Heat Exchangers for Gas-Gas Heaters ....................................................................................279 Xin Li, Zijiang Han, Jian Zhu (Wuxi Balcke-Duerr Technologies Co. Ltd) Application and Development of Automation, Information, and Intelligent Equipment in the Enamel Industry .................................................................................287 Zhu Haixiao,