Mind the Body A Genealogy of Danish Preventive Health and Health Promotion in the Interwar Period and Turn of the Millennium PhD dissertation by Naja Vucina Pedersen Department of Society and Globalisation Roskilde University March 2014 II MIND THE BODY A Genealogy of Danish Preventive Health and Health Promotion in the Interwar Period and Turn of the Millennium Naja Vucina Pedersen PhD Dissertation Department of Society and Globalisation Roskilde University March 2014 Cover illustration: Wyndham Lewis, “Two Mechanics”, ca. 1912. II Contents PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... 1 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 7 1.1. FIELD OF INQUIRY ............................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1. RESEARCH QUESTION ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2. SUB‐QUESTIONS GUIDING THE INTERWAR ANALYSIS ................................... 13 1.1.3. SUB‐QUESTIONS GUIDING THE MILLENNIAL ANALYSIS ............................... 13 1.2. LITERARY REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 14 1.3. HOW TO CRITICISE? ........................................................................................................... 25 1.4. CONTENTS AND ORGANISATION ................................................................................. 27 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMING ............................................................................................... 30 2.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 30 2.2. POWER ..................................................................................................................................... 30 2.3. KNOWLEDGE‐POWER‐ETHICS ...................................................................................... 36 2.4. HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY ............................ 38 2.4.1. HUMAN EXTERIORITY ..................................................................................................... 38 2.4.2. HUMAN CORPOREALITY ................................................................................................. 42 2.4.3. HUMAN INTERIORITY ...................................................................................................... 43 2.5. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 44 3. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMING ................................................................................... 46 3.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 46 3.2. GENEALOGY AND HISTORY OF THE PRESENT ........................................................ 47 3.3. GENEALOGY AND SKINNER’S CONCEPTUAL HISTORY ....................................... 50 3.4. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 56 4. DATA ................................................................................................................................... 58 4.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 58 4.2. GENERAL STRATEGY FOR DATA COLLECTION ....................................................... 58 III 4.3. TIME AND SPACE ................................................................................................................. 60 4.4. QUESTIONS OF REPRESENTATION AND VALIDITY .............................................. 62 4.5. THE INTERWAR ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 64 4.5.1. DATA SELECTION CRITERIA ......................................................................................... 64 4.5.2. DATA SELECTION PRACTICE ........................................................................................ 66 4.5.3. SOURCES ................................................................................................................................. 68 4.6. THE MILLENNIAL ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 75 4.6.1. SELECTION CRITERIA ...................................................................................................... 75 4.6.2. SELECTION PRACTICE ..................................................................................................... 77 4.6.3. SOURCES ................................................................................................................................. 79 4.7. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 83 5. ANALYTICAL TACTICS ................................................................................................... 84 5.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 84 5.2. HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY ............................ 84 5.3. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 89 6. INTERWAR ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 90 6.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 90 6.2. PROBLEMATISATIONS OF HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY ................................................................................................................................. 90 6.2.1. KNOWING AND SEGREGATING .................................................................................... 90 6.2.2.THE PROBLEM OF RACIAL QUALITY ......................................................................... 96 6.2.3. THE PROBLEM OF A WEAK PHYSICAL AND MORAL CONSTITUTION ... 102 6.2.4. TAXONOMY OF HUMAN PHYSIQUE ........................................................................ 108 6.2.5. THE PHYSICAL AND MORAL CONSTITUTION OF CHILDREN AND THE YOUTH ............................................................................................................................................... 111 6.3. TECHNOLOGIES TARGETING HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY .............................................................................................................................. 115 6.3.1. EUGENICS AND SOCIAL CONTROL .......................................................................... 116 6.3.2. AMELIORATING BODY AND MORALITY ............................................................... 130 6.4. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 140 IV 7. MILLENNIAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 146 7.1. ENTRÉE ................................................................................................................................. 146 7.2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 147 7.3. PROBLEMATISATIONS OF HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY .............................................................................................................................. 148 7.3.1. KNOWING AND SEGREGATING ................................................................................. 148 7.3.2. THE SPREAD OF OBESITY ........................................................................................... 151 7.3.3. INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY .................................................................................. 153 7.3.4. TAXONOMY OF OBESITY .............................................................................................. 157 7.3.5. OBESE CHILDREN’S SOMATIC, LIFESTYLE RELATED AND PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS ............................................................................................................... 159 7.4. TECHNOLOGIES FOR GOVERNING HUMAN EXTERIORITY, CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY .................................................................................................................... 164 7.4.1. PROMOTION OF PARTNERSHIPS ............................................................................. 166 7.4.2. DGI AS HEALTH AND NETWORK FACILITATOR ............................................... 172 7.4.3. ENABLING THE IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 182 7.5. TECHNOLOGIES FOR GOVERNING HUMAN CORPOREALITY AND INTERIORITY .............................................................................................................................. 189 7.6. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 196 8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION