EMI CONTRIBUTORS Fouad Bendimerad, Ph.D., P.E, Report Editor and Coordinator Ma. Narcielyn Rizal, Physical and Socio-Economic Profile Ma. Lalaine Bergonia, Geology of Bohol Moses Kent Borinaga, Seismicity of Bohol Antonette Beroya-Eitner, Ph.D., Physical Characteristics of Bohol Nancy Tirkey, Earthquake Engineers and Loss Analysis Marivic Barba, Geological Effects; Emergency Response Ishtar Padao, Land Use Management; Physical and Socio-Economic Impacts Michael Adrian Padilla, Disaster Risk Management (Philippines Context) Ma. Bianca Perez, Disaster Risk Management and Response; Early Recovery Jerome Zayas, Disaster Risk Management; Comparative Analyses with Previous Earthquakes Paolo Villa, GIS Analysis Kristoffer John Dakis, GIS Analysis and Report Review Annie Valera, Format, Design and Layout EXTERNAL REVIEWERS AND CONTRIBUTORS Mario A. Aurelio, Ph.D., National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines Fernando Germar, Ph.D., P.E., College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Bijan Khazai, Ph.D., Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Friedemann Wenzel, Ph.D., Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Copyright © 2014 EMI Front cover photo credits: PAF-PIO (2013), Poole, R. M. (2013), and De Castro, (2013). The content of this report is the copyright of EMI. However, its use is encouraged and permitted without prior authorization from EMI granted it is for educational, informational, non- commercial, and/or personal use. We request that EMI and the original source of data, as indicated in the report, be acknowledged when reproducing or using any part of this publication. Contributions to the report are encouraged and greatly appreciated. All contributions will be acknowledged in future releases. Recommended citation: EMI., 2014. The Mw7.2 15 October 2013 Bohol, Philippines Earthquake: Technical Report. Diliman, Quezon City: EMI. The Mw7.2 15 October 2013 Bohol, Philippines Earthquake Technical Report | TR-14-01 May 2014 Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative Puno Building, 47 Kalayaan Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1101 T/F: +632 9279643; T: +632 4334074 www.emi-megacities.org ABOUT THIS REPORT This report is intended to serve data and information needs from researchers, practitioners and policy makers on this particular earthquake event. The objective is to collect and put in a single reference relevant perishable data, scientific information, and observations framed in the context of the disaster risk management and reduction laws, regulation and practice in the Philippines. Initial data analyses and comparative studies with previous damaging earthquakes in the Philippines and the particular region of Bohol were also undertaken to inform on the overall context of earthquake hazard, vulnerability and risk in the region and to draw lessons that can be applicable to other major urban centers such as Metro Manila. This report has not been externally reviewed. From this initial release, EMI is calling for external contributions from relevant national and local government agencies, humanitarian agencies involved in the response and early recovery, development agencies and other NGO’s engaged in the rehabilitation and reconstruction process. It also calls on researchers and practitioners to review and provide their input, feedback and potential additions and corrections. All contributors will be recognized for their input. The sole objective is to serve future research, improve knowledge and practice to reduce losses and suffering from earthquakes and other disasters. Comments and inputs can be sent to [email protected]. The Mw7.2 15 October 2013 Bohol, Philippines Earthquake ACRONYMS AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines ASEAN AHA ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance ASEP Association of Structural Engineers Philippines BEAP Bohol Earthquake Action Plan BFP Bureau of Fire Protection BOHECO Bohol Electric Cooperative, Inc. CCA Climate Change Adaptation CRS Catholic Relief Services DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOH-HEMS Department of Health-Health Emergency Management Staff DOTC Department of Transportation and Communication DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DRM Disaster Risk Management DRRMC Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council DRTUs Disaster Response Task Units DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development DTI Department of Trade and Industry ECHO Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department of the European Commission ELA Executive Legislative Agenda EMI Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative EOC Emergency Operations Center GO Government Organizations GTC German Technical Cooperation HCT Humanitarian Country Team HEAT Health and Sanitation, Education and Technology, Agriculture and Food Security, Tourism and Livelihood IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IOM International Organization for Migration IRA Initial Rapid Assessment LDRRMC Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council LGU Local Government Unit LIFE HELPS Livelihood and Tourism, Infrastructure, Food, Education, Health, Environment, Leadership Development, Peace and Order, Sports and Youth Development MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau MMDA Metro Manila Development Authority MMEIRS Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NBF North Bohol Fault NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NGA National Government Agencies NGCP National Grid Corporation of the Philippines NGO Non-Government Organizations NHERP National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board OCD Office of Civil Defense OPCEN Operations Center PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration 1 | P a g e EMI © 2014 Technical Report PEIS PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale PDIP Provincial Development Investment Plan PDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan PFZ Philippine Fault Zone PGBh Provincial Government of Bohol PhP Philippine Peso PICE Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers PPA Philippine Ports Authority PPAs Programs, Plans and Activities PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office PHCT Philippine Humanitarian Country Team PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PNP Philippine National Police PRC Philippine Red Cross RDRRMC Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council REDAS Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment SAR Search and Rescue TARSIER Telephone and Radio System Integrated System Response TSF Télécoms Sans Frontières UN OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme USGS U.S. Geological Survey WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization EMI © 2014 2 | P a g e The Mw7.2 15 October 2013 Bohol, Philippines Earthquake TABLE OF CONTENTS EMI CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................................. 0 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................................. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Motivation ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Scope and Limitations of the Study ......................................................................................... 9 2 SETTING THE CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Overview of Bohol Province .................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Physical Background and Built Environment ................................................................ 11 2.1.2 Demographics, Economic, and Cultural Characteristics .............................................. 19 2.1.3 Land Use Management .................................................................................................... 23 2.1.4 Earthquake Context of Bohol .......................................................................................... 25 2.2 Understanding the Prevailing Disaster Risk Management Context in the Philippines .... 27 2.2.1 National Context ............................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Local Context: The Province of Bohol ............................................................................ 32 3 THE MAGNITUDE 7.2 BOHOL EARTHQUAKE ...............................................................................