Get hundreds more LitCharts at www.litcharts.com Attack The young men in the poem fight in what feels like an almost POEM TEXT alien landscape. This heightens the sense that these soldiers are a long way from home, but also suggests that this conflict is 1 At dawn the ridge emerges massed and dun far removed from what the speaker sees as normal human behavior. In other words, it’s as though the soldiers are in some 2 In the wild purple of the glow'ring sun, alternate, absurd reality where, for instance, the “sun” is 3 Smouldering through spouts of drifting smoke that “purple” (perhaps because of the way it shines through the shroud smoke from ammunition). Even the tanks—normally a symbol of 4 The menacing scarred slope; and, one by one, the fearsome power of war—seem kind of clumsy here. They 5 Tanks creep and topple forward to the wire. “creep and topple forward” towards enemy lines, highlighting 6 The barrage roars and lifts. Then, clumsily bowed the haphazardness of armed conflict—and heightening the 7 With bombs and guns and shovels and battle-gear, poem’s overall sense of warfare as being totally absurd. 8 Men jostle and climb to meet the bristling fire. The soldiers, too, take on this clumsiness, which stands for a 9 Lines of grey, muttering faces, masked with fear, kind of meaninglessness and lack of purpose. They are made 10 They leave their trenches, going over the top, heavy by the weapons and tools that they have to carry 11 While time ticks blank and busy on their wrists, because of the war, turning these men into easy targets. This 12 And hope, with furtive eyes and grappling fists, highlights the way that the First World War was a horrible kind of numbers game: technology had advanced humankind’s 13 Flounders in mud. O Jesus, make it stop! methods of killing, and the only way to conduct warfare was to throw men into “the bristling fire.” As the poem depicts soldiers going over the trenches to most SUMMARY likely meet their deaths, it uses two key instances of personification. Time ticks “busy” on the men’s wristwatches, In the morning, the top of the trenches appears. It is earthy and indicating the frantic and chaotic reality of war. But time is also grey-brown under the strange purple sunshine, which burns “blank”—indifferent, unknowing, and unfeeling—about what is through the smoke that covers the frightening and misshapen happening. Time is a kind of witness to the war, in the sense hill. Tanks appear, one after the other, tentatively and that these events will mark themselves deeply into time as awkwardly moving towards the barbed wire. The artillery guns history. However, time is incapable of understanding the events fire noisily. After this, men, bent under the weight of all the themselves. This might represent the inability of political weapons and equipment they are carrying, start pushing and leaders to grasp the true horrors of life on the battlefield). climbing towards the battle, most likely to be hit in a flail of Hope—the other personified figure in the poem—is like one of bullets. Rows of pale faces, mumbling and full of fear, leave the the soldiers itself. It senses that it is in danger, fighting trenches by climbing over the top. On their wristwatches, time desperately like a soldier with “furtive eyes and grappling fists.” ticks away busily and unknowingly. Hope, with darting eyes and Hope, “flounder[ing] in the mud,” is itself dying. Sassoon seems flailing fists, struggles in the mud. Jesus, please let it end soon! to be highlighting the devastating consequences of war that go well beyond the immediate conflict; this line suggests that war THEMES destroys humanity’s hope more generally, in addition to harming the specific men involved. All in all, then, it’s understandable that the speaker of the poem, THE HORRORS OF WAR who himself seems to be a witness to the fighting, pleads with “Attack” aims to convey the horror, suffering, and “Jesus” to “make it stop.” But the reference to “Jesus” doesn’t sheer senselessness of war before ending on a simple introduce any sense of hope into the poem, instead highlighting and dramatic plea—to “make it stop!” Written by Siegfried the huge gulf between the promises of religion—peace, Sassoon—who served as a soldier in World War I—the poem community, joy and so on—and the absurd horror of what the shows the devastating effects of such conflicts on the oungy speaker (and the reader) witnesses on the battlefield. men involved, and is, of course, partly based on Sassoon’s own experiences. The poem builds a sense of absurdity that seems Where this theme appears in the poem: to question the purpose of war in the first place, suggesting that it's not only horrific, but also fundamentally meaningless. ©2020 LitCharts LLC v.007 www.LitCharts.com Page 1 Get hundreds more LitCharts at www.litcharts.com • Lines 1-13 • Lines 12-13 NATURE AND WARFARE LINE-BY-LINE ANALYSIS “Attack” depicts a desperate world in which humanity's technological advances have outgrown LINES 1-4 humanity's ability to keep the use of these technologies in At dawn the ridge emerges massed and dun check. This gruesome machinery of warfare has a devastating In the wild purple of the glow'ring sun, effect on the landscape where the soldiers fight. The poem, Smouldering through spouts of drifting smoke that shroud then, subtly suggests that wars don't just harm the people who The menacing scarred slope; fight in them, but that they harm the environment in which they're fought, too. War makes humanity less connected to the Siegfried Sassoon’s “Attack” is a kind of subversive take on an world in which it lives, the poem argues; it metaphorically aubade—a poem written to celebrate and evoke the morning. transforms the planet into a kind of threatening and alienating Of course, this is no happy scene, but the heart of a battle in the place, rather than a more familiar and comforting home. First World War (in which Sassoon himself served). Up until the caesura in line 4, the poem focuses entirely on the landscape in The poem opens with “dawn.” Normally, dawn is associated with which the battle takes place. There are, at this early stage, no beauty and new beginnings: the birds singing their songs, dew soldiers in sight (though the “ridge” and “spouts of drifting on the grass, the brightness of the morning sun, and so on. The smoke” hint at what is taking place). natural world is also often associated with paradise and humankind’s natural state (such as in the Garden of Eden in the This section, then, is like the establishing shot of a movie. Bible)—one that has been lost. But this dawn instead shines on Sassoon is keen to evoke not just the senselessness of war and an uncanny and barely recognizable world. The “ridge” in the its grotesque waste of human life, but also something of its earth is a browny-grey corpse color (“dun”). The sun is not its weirdness. These lines conjure an almost alien landscape, usual shade, but “wild” (an adjective that indicates a kind of where the ground is “massed and dun” (wedged-together and widespread savagery) and “purple.” This might be because the grey) and the “glow’ring sun” is a “wild purple” color. sun is shining through the lingering smoke of fired weapons and The consonance and alliteration in these first two lines bombs, and the description highlights that things are not as instinctively evoke a landscape, but it’s as though something is they are meant to be. not quite right, and the place is not as it seems: The strange colors and general atmosphere also speak to the way humankind alienates itself from its own world through At dawn the ridge emerges massed and dun warfare. Indeed, instead of morning mist to accompany the In the wild purple of the glow'ring sun, dawn there are only “spouts of drifting smoke” from weaponry. Such is the pain and evil of warfare that the “slope” now The tight organization in the sounds of these lines is appears “menacing” and “scarred”—as though it seeks some deliberately obvious, perhaps mimicking a more typical poetic kind of revenge for the injuries inflicted on it. Again, this speaks discussion of some beautiful scene: a flourishing field, ybe,ma to a breakdown in the relationship between humanity and the or a coast. But purple is a distinctly unusual color for the sun, world in which it lives. "wild" purple even more so. This might actually be more literal than it first appears, relating to the odd hue that sunlight takes In the poem’s closing moments, it again refers to something on when shining through smoke such as that emitted by guns, more natural—the “mud” in which the personified “hope” now grenades, and tank-fire. The emerge[nce“ ]” of the helplessly “flounders.” This is a subtle shift in focus back to the “ridge”—which is the top of the trench over which most men will earth, reminding the reader that war gravely affects the natural meet their death or serious injury—mirrors the way that the world as well as the people who actually fight. erhapsP more men too will have to emerge into the heat of the battle, once widely this aimlessness of hope suggests the collective failure the order is given.