Thirty-three years ago, One hundred years ago, From the sands of when astronauts Neil the promise of flying Kitty Hawk in 1903 Armstrong and “Buzz” machines and powered to the outer edges of Aldrin skillfully piloted airships was found our solar system in the lunar module exclusively in the minds 2003, no invention Eagle to a soft land- of dreamers. Most has made such an ing on the Moon, they believed powered flight indelible imprint on paid tribute to was a far-fetched idea, our world as the air- America’s aviation the stuff of myths and plane. Crafted by two heritage by bringing with them a piece of legends. On 17 December 1903, Orville ordinary men who were driven to achieve the original Wright Flyer’s fabric and pro- and Wilbur Wright dispelled those myths extraordinary results, the 1903 Wright peller. That incredible summer day in and propelled us into a new era of explo- Flyer represents an achievement of creativ- 1969, our moonwalkers demonstrated for ration and innovation. Flying a biplane ity, determination and courage. The national all time that the sky’s no longer the limit. made of wood and cloth from a Kitty Hawk Centennial of Flight: Born of Dreams— As flight’s second century begins, the sand dune, they transformed our dream Inspired by Freedom commemoration cele- ■ This photograph of the first flight at Kitty bicycle repair shop and factory in Dayton, work, both scientifically and historically. United States is still boldly pioneering the of flight into a breathtaking reality. brates the human desire for freedom, the Hawk, North Carolina, on 17 December 1903 Ohio. The brothers continued their flying Accordingly, they recorded their experiments air and space frontier. And the National Since that first 20-second flight, the power of dreams and the astonishing reali- is one of the most recognized in the world. experiments in Ohio and in Fort Myer, Virginia, photographically and, later, on film. The Aeronautics and Space Administration, achievements of civilian and military aviation ties they can create. With Orville Wright at the controls, lying prone and were granted a patent for the plane in Wrights asked John T. Daniels of the Kill Devil NASA, is a proud leader in this effort. have far surpassed the dreams of those early Let us use the story of flight to build a on the lower wing with his hips in the cradle 1906. In 1908 and 1909, they traveled to Hills Life Saving Station, who was among the Fittingly, NASA’s roots extend back to visionaries. Airmen have revolutionized new level of enthusiasm for perseverance that operated the wing-warping mechanism, Europe and drew attention to their invention spectators, to snap the camera for them just aviation’s infancy. In 1915, our predeces- travel and commerce, pioneered the devel- and resolve in the quest for ingenuity. The the first successful powered flight took place. by flying in France, Italy, England, and Germany. at the moment the machine had reached the sor, the National Advisory Committee for opment of groundbreaking technologies, U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission is Wilbur Wright, seen running alongside to bal- In 1909, they started a company to manufac- end of the takeoff rail and had risen two feet Aeronautics, NACA, was formed to help redefined the way we defend our interests, and committed to providing educational material ance the machine, has just released his hold ture Wright airplanes and began their suc- into the air. Before attempting the flight, improve aircraft performance, efficiency, helped shape a world in which our nation’s on the history and influence of flight. As on the forward upright of the right wing. The cessful fight against patent suits by Glenn Orville had placed the camera on a tripod, and safety. Today, NASA scientists, engi- safety and prosperity would flourish. Powered you read this brochure, I hope that you starting rail, the wing rest, a coil box, and Curtis and other competitors. Wilbur died of aimed at a point he hoped the machine would neers, and test pilots continue to push flight is and will continue to be one of human- find the information both informative and other items needed for flight preparation are typhoid fever in 1912, and Orville sold his reach when it left the track. The shot was the envelope of flight technology. kind’s most significant accomplishments. If inspiring. Ask yourselves, and those around visible behind the machine. This flight was the interest in the Wright Airplane Company in successful, and the negative was developed NASA’s vision for the next century of properly guided and nourished—with the you, “If we can fly, what can’t we do?” It is result of years of experiments and design by 1915. The Wright brothers were aware of the by Orville on his return to Dayton. (Courtesy of flight—to improve life here, extend life to same vision that characterized its creators— through this spirit of adventure and deter- the Wright brothers, who were operators of a important relationship of photography to their the Library of Congress, Negative LC-W861-35) there, and find life beyond—compels us the second century of flight will further mination that we will create the next cen- to improve and create all types of aircraft, advance the peaceful and productive inter- tury of aviation milestones. better understand Earth’s climate, probe action of nations, continue to protect our the universe’s mysteries, and send explor- cherished freedoms, and provide for the —J.R. Dailey, Chairman, U.S. Centennial of Cover photo: Since 1915, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), transformed into NASA in 1958, ers to the planets. This celebration of the benefit of all mankind. Flight Commission has performed cutting-edge research to solve the problems of flight. Using a Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat during World centennial of flight reminds all of us how The United States Air Force joins the world War II, NACA engineers at the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory (now Langley Research Center) in Hampton, Virginia, privileged we are to be engaged at just in celebrating the spirit of the Wright brothers’ used this aircraft to investigate the cuffs on the propeller blades to determine their efficiency. While not built to the full production standard of other Grumman Wildcats, research on this aircraft, the second F4F-3, proved most successful the start of an adventure without end. creativity and our nation’s aviation pioneers. in advancing knowledge of the aerodynamics of this engine and propeller system. This photo shows a close-up of the As we reflect on a century of flight, we reaf- propeller blades with Curtiss Electric Propellers’ logo. —Sean O’Keefe, Administrator, NASA firm our commitment to continue the dream started by those first airmen. We’ve come a long way in our first 100 years of flight . Acknowledgments: writers/historians/reviewers, Judy Baker, Roger Launius, Tom Crouch, Ned Preston,Roger Miller, imagine where the next 100 years will take us. Louise Alstork, Tony Springer, John Childress, Bill Anderson, Sherry Foster, Phil Milstead, Steve Garber, Leslye Mogford, and Mike Gorn; brochure concept, Thom Pinelli; editors, Susan Hurd and Lisa Jirousek; photo researcher, Mark Sutton; —John P. Jumper, General, designers, Heather Grimstead and Melissa Kennedy. Printed fall 2002. USAF Chief of Staff The most beautiful dream that has haunted the heart of man since Icarus is today reality. —Louis Blériot 1 1000 B.C. The Chinese invented kites that carried scouts on recon- 1784 1785 3500 B.C. naissance missions. 1783 June 4 Elisabeth Thible was the first woman to make a January 7 Dr. John Jeffries, an King Etena of Babylonia was pictured on a coin, flying on June 4 Montgolfier brothers launched the first public balloon flight. 1162 American physician living in London, an eagle’s back. balloon flight. A man in Constantinople fashioned sail-like wings from a June 24 In a tethered flight from Baltimore, Maryland, accompanied the French aeronaut 2500 B.C. fabric gathered into pleats and folds. He plummeted from November 21 Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis D’Arlandes thirteen-year-old Edward Warren was the first to fly in Jean-Pierre Blanchard on the first flight An Inca Founder (Auca) was “winged and could fly.” the top of a tower and died. were the first humans to fly in an untethered balloon. a balloon from American soil. across the English Channel. 2560 B.C. Great Pyramid of Khufu built 1100 Gunpowder used to build rockets 1400 Printing press invented 1775 American Revolutionary War began 1797 First parachute jump Copyright 2001, Jeff Dean, “Big Blue” flown by Above & Beyond Balloon Co., Carmel, Indiana, http://www.intheair-online.com With public enthusiasm approaching a Hot-air balloons peak, the Montgolfier brothers designed became popular once The a large balloon that carried the first again after World War II, Prehistory human passengers aloft. On 21 November when the advent of new Up, Up, 1783, Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis materials and propane- of Flight d’Arlandes fed a fire of burning straw fired burners offered that filled the canopy of the balloon with sportsmen a new way to ■ Human beings have always wanted and Away… hot air, lifting them about 330 feet into venture aloft. In 1999, after to fly. Evidence of our ancient desire to the Paris skies. Their flight lasted under a twenty-day, nonstop flight, ■ join the birds in the sky can be found in Human belonged to one of the leading paper- 30 minutes. J. A. C. Charles and a Bertrand Piccard and Brian our earliest legends of winged gods and beings have making families of France.