Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 Proceedings of the International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020) The Names of Cooked Rice in Javanese: Ethnolinguistic Semantic Study Wiwin Erni Siti Nurlina* Balai Bahasa Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta [email protected] Abstract. Rice is a staple food in Javanese sega (rice), it can be seen that Javanese people’s culture. As a staple food, the concept of rice can views are related to its ethnological meaning. develop according to its usage in Javanese Nowadays, it can be said that variations of culture. The development of the rice concept is cuisine related to sega are not as complete as in related to (i) the type of side dish that ancient times. However, until now culinary related accompanies it and (ii) how to cook it. The to sega still exists, such as sega kuning, sega existence of this concept development has gudhangan, sega goreng, or sega rames. On the produced different names to the word of cooked other hand, sega cuisine related to Javanese culture rice, such as sega, sega gebuli, sega golong, sega is rarely found, such as sega kepyar, sega punar, kepyar, sega punar, sega wiwit, sega lemes, sega sega tumpang, sega kendhuren, or sega golong. The tumpeng, sega kenduren, sega megono, sega godog, names of dishes related to sega in Javanese, both etc. The wealth of concepts in the lexicon of a related to cultural concepts and culinary, are language (including Javanese) is necessary to be numerous. This variation is necessary to discuss as examined. The observation can serve to a knowledge insight. determine the accuracy in expressing a concept The word ‘sega’ is already included in for communication. On the other hand, the Baoesastra Djawa dictionary, which amounts to appearance of the names of the cooked rice is twelve compound words [2]. In the Javanese related to Javanese cultural events. For this Dictionary (Bausastra Jawa), there are nineteen reason, this paper aims to discuss various terms words of sega component [3]. The word ‘sega’ is relating to the word cooked rice (sega). The also found in the Javanese-Indonesian Practical discussion uses a semantic and ethnolinguistic Dictionary for SD/MI, which amounts to 5 words. paradigm. The semantic theory used in this After a careful observation, thirty-one data are study is lexical semantics and intentional obtained in the form of compound words with the semantics. The ethnolinguistic paradigm is used word ‘sega’. A meaning discussion of sega to explain the cultural concepts contained in the compound word, ethnolinguistically, has never names. In this relation, the method used is the been done. semantic-ethnolinguistic description method. The semantic-ethnological discovery of the sega This discussion results in a description of dishes names aims at providing knowledge of the various terms of the word sega (rice). The rich insight of Javanese concepts and culture. This description is in the form of (a) a number of the insight can be used as a way to preserve culture. combined terms of the word sega, (b) the meaning that arises from each word formation, METHOD and (c) the cultural relation to the word- formation concerned. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. In qualitative research, the use Keywords: word combination, lexical semantics, of a literature study is vital. A literature study must semantic intention, ethnolinguistics be used in accordance with the methodological assumption [4]. INTRODUCTION This description is done using a semantic- ethnolinguistic approach. The paradigm is defined Javanese people’s thinking concept is expressed as a set of concepts that relate one to another in Javanese vocabulary that shows the variety of logically to form a framework of thought which vocabulary forms and the accuracy of the expressed functions to understand, interpret, and to explain concepts. The diversity of lexeme forms is a reality and/or problem[5]. Relating to meaning, the reflection of Javanese carefulness and thoroughness semantic view is used, especially lexical semantics in conveying the meaning of a concept. [6]. In understanding the meaning of sega, the Although often doubted, so far, many people analysis is supported by the Javanese-Indonesian still believe that language reflects a person's Bausastra dictionary [7]. worldview, culture, or even beliefs [1]. Likewise, In syntax, word is the smallest free lingual unit. Javanese is a window to find out the meaning and Criteria of word position mobility determine worldview of Javanese people. Relating to the word freedom in a sentence without changing its identity Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 773 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 477 [8]. In compound word formation, word definition In analyzing the data, the distributional method refers to the notion of a lexeme. A lexeme is with the basic technique in the form of direct defined as 1) form of a basic abstract unit that element division and advanced technique in the underlies various forms of words; 20 the smallest form of a paraphrase technique is used [16]. For units in the lexicon [9]. example, the word sumega is separated by its basic The data is a compound word form containing form, which becomes the word sega ‘rice’ + infix sega. Compounding is a process of combining two {-um}; the word sego kuning (yellow rice) consists or more basic forms into a word, which is called a of sega (rice) and kuning (yellow). On the other compound word. The basic form can be in the form hand, the equivalent method is also used to explain of a single or complex morpheme, while a single the meaning contained in the related word. basic form can be in the form of root morpheme, base morpheme, or unique morpheme. That form RESULT & DISCUSSION can be called compound or idiomatic form [8]. Language can not be separated from its users With semantic-ethnolinguistic analysis, the [10]. The use of language in relation to a following description and explanation of idiomatic community can be reviewed in the ethnolinguistic words containing sega component as follows. paradigm. Ethnolinguistics is a branch of linguistics (1) The word sega, in the form of krama (its polite that studies the structure of language based on the language) sekul, in Javanese means ‘beras sing perspective and culture of the community [11]. wis mateng (diliwet ut diedang)’, which means Ethnolinguistics (sometimes ‘rice is cooked by cooking or steaming’. called cultural linguistics)[1] is a field The ethnolinguistic meaning of sega is the of linguistics which studies the Javanese staple food. According to the Javanese relationship between language and concept, rice becomes a primary and culture, and the way different ethnic fundamental strength for the body. The groups perceive the world. It is a Javanese concept in the phrase of yen sedina combination of ethnology and durung klebon sega berarti durung mangan linguistics. The former refers to the means 'if in a day someone has not eaten rice, it way of life of an entire community, means that the person has not eaten'. So, sega is i.e., all the characteristics which a basic need for Javanese life. distinguish one community from the (2) The form of sumega is a derivative of the other. Those characteristics make the morphological {sega}+{-um-}. The word cultural aspects of a community or a sumega means 'being in a state of eating rice society [12]. (for children aged 3--4 years). The child who is Referring to the quote, it can be said that being sumega is experiencing massive body ethnolinguistics is the study of language systems growth. from a cultural perspective [13]. (3) The sega dang word consists of the word The ethnolinguistic discussion refers to the sega+dang 'steamed'. The meaning of sega Javanese people or community. "Javanese" is a dang is rice made by steaming. When people counterpart or complement to "Indonesian human" have a celebration, the served rice must be sega and it is not matched for Indonesian human. dang. Javanese people are people who have one culture, (4) The sega gebuli word consists of the word think, and feel like their ancestors in Central Java, sega+gebuli 'savory, greasy meat'. Sega which cultural centers are in Yogyakarta and gebuli/kabuli/kebuli is ‘savory rice mixed with Surakarta. In fact, the Javanese people (Javanese) fish or greasy meat.’ Sega gebuli is one of a who are outside of Java are still oriented to the two unique culinary types that can be served when cities [14]. celebrating special events. The primary data source in this study is words (5) The sega golong word consists of the word containing sega word components, which are sega+golong ‘together'. Sega golong is rice, included as lemmas in Bausastra Jawa dictionary which is formed roundly as big as a baseball [3]. The secondary data source is information ball for salvation. The sego golong for salvation obtained from sega word elements from random has the concept of unity meaning. For example, people’s talks encountered by the researcher. sega golong is served when the village head The data collection is a way that the researcher election is held. uses to obtain data in a study [15]. To search for (6) The sega gorèng word consists of the word data, the literature study technique is carried out sega+goreng ‘fried’. The meaning of sega through the search for entries in the dictionary, gorèng is a type of rice dish made by frying the involving conversation participatory through rice with certain herbs. community chats when the researcher encounters (7) The sega gudhangan word consists of the word culinary-related topics of sega word element.