UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Energy absorption behaviors of nanoporous materials functionalized (NMF) liquids Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20k4n7s7 Author Kim, Tae Wan Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Energy Absorption Behaviors of Nanoporous Materials Functionalized (NMF) Liquids A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering by Tae Wan Kim Committee in charge: Professor Yu Qiao, Chair Professor Sungho Jin Professor Yuhwa Lo Professor Vlado Lubarda Professor Qiang Zhu 2011 i Copyright Tae Wan Kim, 2011 All rights reserved ii SIGNATURE PAGE The Dissertation of Tae Wan Kim is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii DEDICATION To my wife, Mirim Ha and my son, Jaeshin Kim iv EPIGRAPH Never underestimate your power to change yourself; Never overestimate your power to change others. - H. Jackson Brown, Jr. Dream as if you’ll live forever; Live as if you’ll die today - James Dean If you can dream it, You can do it - Walt Disney Winners never quit and quitters never win - Vince Lombardi v TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE ....................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................ iv EPIGRAPH ....................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................. xiv VITA .............................................................................................................................. xvi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ....................................................................... xxi 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of Nanoporous Materials ........................................................... 1 1.1.1 General Definition .............................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Classification ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Gas Adsorption Analysis .................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Synthesis of Nanoporous Materials .................................................... 7 1.2 Nanoporous Materials Functionalized (NMF) Liquids ............................... 13 1.2.1 Definition ......................................................................................... 13 1.2.2 Energy Absorption Mechanism ........................................................ 15 1.2.3 Energy Absorption Behaviors of NMF Liquids ............................... 17 2 ANION EFFECTS ................................................................................................ 21 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 21 2.1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 21 2.1.2 Introduction to Zeolite Socony Mobil (ZSM)-5 ............................... 22 2.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 24 2.2.1 Chemicals ......................................................................................... 24 2.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 24 vi 2.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 27 2.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 33 3 EFFECTS OF SURFACE GROUP LENGTH ...................................................... 35 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 35 3.1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 35 3.1.2 Mobile Crystalline Material – 41 (MCM-41) .................................. 36 3.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 37 3.2.1 Chemicals ......................................................................................... 37 3.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 37 3.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 41 3.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 46 4 ELECTRIC FIELD EFFCTS ................................................................................ 47 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 47 4.1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 47 4.1.2 Black Pearl – 2000 (BP2000) ........................................................... 48 4.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 51 4.2.1 Chemical ........................................................................................... 51 4.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 51 4.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 56 4.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 60 5 SURFACE MODIFICATION EFFECTS ............................................................. 61 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 61 5.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 62 5.3 Results and discussion ................................................................................. 63 5.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 66 6 PARTICLE SIZE EFFECTS ................................................................................. 67 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 67 6.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 67 6.2.1 Raw Materials .................................................................................. 67 vii 6.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 68 6.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 69 6.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 73 7 REPEATABLE ENERGY ABSORPTION BEHAVIORS UNDER CYCLIC LOADING ...................................................................................................................... 74 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 74 7.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 76 7.2.1 Chemicals ......................................................................................... 76 7.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 76 7.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 82 7.4 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................... 84 8 NOVEL SYNTHETIC METHODS OF NANOPOROUS SILICA WITH CONTROLLABLE PORE STRUCTURES ................................................................... 85 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 85 8.1.1 Background ...................................................................................... 85 8.1.2 Porous glass ...................................................................................... 85 8.2 Experimental ................................................................................................ 86 8.2.1 Chemicals ......................................................................................... 86 8.2.2 Materials Preparation ....................................................................... 86 8.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................ 89 8.4 Concluding Remarks ..................................................................................