REPUBLIC OF TURKEY SİİRT UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES MANAGEMENT OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO MASTER DEGREE THESIS FAIQ AHMED MOHAMMED BARGARAI 163111008 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Volkan Müjdat TİRYAKİ Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Adnan Mohsin ABDULAZEEZ May – 2019 SIIRT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................................................................................................................... İİİ TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ İV LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... Vİİ ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOL LISTS ....................................................................................... Vİİİ ÖZET ........................................................................................................................................................ İX ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................ X 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. RESEARCH FOCUS ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.4. PURPOSE STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.5. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................... 9 1.6. THE AIM OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.7. THESIS OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 9 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................... 10 2.1. SDR AND ITS CAPABILITIES ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2. THE APPLICATION OF SDR .............................................................................................................. 14 2.3. THE IMPACT OF SDR IN NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ........................ 15 2.4. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ..................................................................................................... 16 2.5. THE ANN ARCHITECTURE .............................................................................................................. 19 2.6. THE IMPACT OF ANN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ................. 22 2.7. MODULATION SCHEMES IN SDR ..................................................................................................... 23 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................................ 24 3.1. WORK STEPS: .................................................................................................................................. 24 3.2. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WIRELESS MOBILE PLATFORM .............................................................. 24 3.3. SDR ................................................................................................................................................ 24 3.4. THE SYSTEM STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................ 24 3.4.1. Purchase ................................................................................................................................. 25 3.4.2. Host PC and Enabling Software ............................................................................................. 26 3.4.3. Connecting the RTL-SDR ....................................................................................................... 27 3.4.4. RTL-SDR Ready to Receive and Process FM Signals ............................................................ 28 iv 3.5. THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL ......................................................................................................... 30 3. 6. ANN STEPS .................................................................................................................................... 31 3.7. THE GA FOR TSP ............................................................................................................................ 35 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 37 4.1 THE SDR INSTALLATION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING ......................................................................... 37 4.2. ANN RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 46 4.2.1 ANN training results ................................................................................................................ 46 4.2.2 GA for TSP Results .................................................................................................................. 48 4.2.3 The ANN and GA for one TSP to select nodes locations ......................................................... 51 4.2.4 GA for TSP optimization nodes distribution in the specific area ............................................ 52 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK ......................................................................................... 56 5.1. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 56 5.2. FUTURE WORK ................................................................................................................................ 56 CURRICULUM VITAE .......................................................................................................................... 61 v LIST OF TABLES Page Table 4.1 RTL-SDR command with (102 MHz) central frequency in the morning...............................................................................40 Table 4.2 RTL-SDR command with (102 MHz) central frequency at night ..........41 Table 4.3 The harmonic signals parameters for (486 MHz) central freq .................42 Table 4.4 The harmonic signal parameters for (486 MHz) central freq....................43 Table 4.5 The general affected parameters on the signal (received).........................45 Table 4.6 The general affected parameters on the signal (ready to send)..................46 Table 4.7 The output of ANN for selecting the direction of nodes……………....…48 vi LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1 Ad-hoc network example………………………………………...........…6 Figure. 1.2 SDR architecture for the relay node……………………………....….....8 Figure 2.1 The SDR architecture and signal processing steps ………………..........11 Figure 2.2 The block diagram of the SDR Receiver ………………………….…....12 Figure 2.3 The pictorial representation of SDR ………………………….…….......14 Figure2.4 A single-layer feed-forward (ANN)………………………………….…..20 Figure 2.5 Multi-layer feed-forward (ANN)……………..…….…………………...21 Figure 2.6 The communication system elements. ………………….……………….23 Figure 3.1 SDR and ANN/GA Operation in System …………………..........…...…25 Figure 3.2 RTL-SDR equipment…………………………………..……………..…26 Figure 3.3 Host Vizio laptop and Enabling Software ……………………………....27 Figure 3.4 SDR-Receiver architecture. ……………………………………….…….29 Figure 3.5 Backpropagation ANN architecture of one node for the self-deploymentproblem …………………………..…………......31 Figure 3.6 Tan-Sigmoid Transfer Function……………………………………....…33 Figure 3.7 Training phase ANN …………………………………….…………,.......34 Figure 3.8 The direction of the node motion………………….………………….…35 Figure 4.1 The spectrum analyzer of the demodulated signal.....................................37 Figure 4.2 The spectrum of the demodulated a signal with 6 harmonics show....................................................................................38 Figure 4.3 The spectrum of the discriminator..............................................................38 Figure 4.4 Spectrum for the modulated signal..............................................................49 Figure 4.5 The power dB and the harmonic signal for frequency (102 MHz)..............40 Figure 4.6 The power dB and the harmonic signal for frequency (102 MHz) at night.................................................................................41 Figure 4.7 The power dB and the harmonic signal for frequency (486 MHz)..............42 Figure 4.8 The harmonic removed for frequency (486 MHz)......................................43 Figure 4.9 The general affected parameters on the signal (received)...........................44 Figure 4.10 The general affected parameters on the the signal demodulated by RTL-SDR...........................................................................45