Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 Responses to Professional Sports Teams CSR Initiatives Following Natural Disaster Kosuke Okoshi Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION RESPONSES TO PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS CSR INITIATIVES FOLLOWING NATURAL DISASTER By KOSUKE OKOSHI A Thesis submitted to the Department of Sport Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2014 Kosuke Okoshi defended this thesis on June 19, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Jeffrey James Professor Directing Thesis Joshua Newman Committee Member Yu Kyoum Kim Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep appreciation to all those who assisted me drafting this thesis. First, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Jeffrey James for his serious and dedicated care during the whole process. It was an honor to work my first English thesis in Sport Management under you. Also, I am thankful for my committee members, Dr. Joshua Newman and Dr. Yu Kyoum Kim. Not only during the process of the thesis, but also I was happy to share the time with you, but also during my master’s life. Next, I really appreciate to those who participated in my research, without them this thesis could not have completed. Also, I would like to thank to those who corrected my English wordings and grammars. Thanks to your great help, I could finish writing my first English thesis. Moreover, those who were involved with my work, I would greatly appreciate your help, some people listened to my ideas, and others considered them together. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ viii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Impact of Natural Disasters .....................................................................................................1 1.2 Comparing the Results of Natural Disasters ...........................................................................2 1.3 Impact on Professional Sport Teams .......................................................................................4 1.4 Relation between Professional Sports and Communities after the Disaster ............................6 1.5 Current Trends in CSR ............................................................................................................7 1.6 Research Question and Purpose of Research ........................................................................10 1.7 Significance of Research .......................................................................................................10 LITERATURE REVIEW ..............................................................................................................12 2.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) .................................................................................12 2.1.1 Background of CSR ..................................................................................................12 2.1.2 Recent Interpretation of CSR ....................................................................................13 2.1.3 Organizational and Social Effects of CSR ................................................................14 2.1.4 Consumer Attitudes toward CSR Activities .............................................................15 2.1.5 Strategic CSR ............................................................................................................17 2.1.6 Framework of CSR ...................................................................................................17 2.1.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................18 2.2 CSR and Sporting Organizations ...........................................................................................19 2.2.1 CSR in the Sports Industry .......................................................................................19 2.2.2 Community and Sports .............................................................................................19 2.2.3 Four Unique Factors of Sports Related to CSR ........................................................21 2.2.4 Connection of CSR and Sports .................................................................................23 2.2.5 Criticism and Negative Aspects of Sports CSR Initiatives .......................................24 2.2.6 Connection between Corporate Reputation and Sport CSR Activities .....................25 2.2.7 Examples of Sports CSR Activities ..........................................................................26 2.2.8 Connection between Carroll’s Framework and Sports CSR Activities ....................28 2.2.9 Conclusion of Sport Organizations CSR Initiatives .................................................28 2.3 CSR Activities of Sports through Natural Disaster ...............................................................29 2.3.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................29 iv 2.3.2 CSR Activities in Japan ............................................................................................29 2.3.3 CSR Activities in the U.S. ........................................................................................33 2.3.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................35 METHOD ......................................................................................................................................37 3.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................37 3.2 Qualitative Research ..............................................................................................................37 3.3 Participants ............................................................................................................................37 3.4 Sample Size and Recruiting Process .....................................................................................38 3.5 Semi-Structured Interviews ...................................................................................................38 3.6 Interview Questions ...............................................................................................................39 3.7 Question Sequence ................................................................................................................40 3.8 Data Analysis (Inductive Content Analysis) .........................................................................43 3.9 Language Translation ............................................................................................................45 RESULT ........................................................................................................................................46 4.1 Interview Participants ............................................................................................................46 4.2 Interviewees’ Background Information .................................................................................47 4.3 Awareness of Relief Efforts ..................................................................................................47 4.4 Awareness of Relief Efforts by Professional Sports Organizations/Players .........................50 4.4.1 Awareness of Sport-related Relief Efforts ...............................................................50 4.4.2 Knowledge of Specific Relief Efforts by Sports Organizations ..............................51 4.4.3 Obtaining Information about Sport-related Relief Efforts .......................................53 4.4.4 Effects of Relief Efforts by Professional Sports ......................................................55 4.4.5 Attitudes toward Sports Organizations after Relief Efforts .....................................61 4.4.6 Features of Relief Efforts by Sport Organizations ...................................................64 4.4.7 Post-disaster Action and Considerations ..................................................................66 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................70 5.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................................70 5.2 Awareness of CSR Initiatives by Professional Sports Organizations ...................................70 5.3 CSR Initiatives’ Effect on Individuals ..................................................................................73 5.4 Attitude toward Sport Organizations after CSR Initiatives ...................................................77 5.4.1 Positive Attitudes