ISSN 1648-293X BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY biologinė psichiatrija ir psichofarmakologija Vol. 22, No 1, 2020, May t. 22, nr. 1, 2020 m. gegužė ©BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BIOLOGINĖ PSICHIATRIJA IR PSICHOFARMAKOLOGIJA EDITOR-IN-CHIEF VYRIAUSIASIS REDAKTORIUS CONTENTS Adomas BUNEVIČIUS, Kaunas, Lithuania Adomas BUNEVIČIUS, Kaunas, Lietuva TURINYS FIELD EDITORS SRITIES REDAKTORIAI Clinical Psychiatry Klinikinės psichiatrijos Leo SHER, New York, USA Leo SHER, New York, JAV General hospital psychiatry Somatopsichiatrijos EDITORIAL....................................................................................2 Vesta STEIBLIENĖ, Kaunas, Lithuania Vesta STEIBLIENĖ, Kaunas, Lietuva Psychopharmacology Psichofarmakologijos Jaanus HARRO, Tartu, Estonia Jaanus HARRO, Tartu, Estija Addictions Psychiatry Priklausomybių psichiatrijos Emilis SUBATA, Vilnius, Lithuania Emilis SUBATA, Vilnius, Lietuva REVIEWS REGIONAL EDITORS REGIONINIAI REDAKTORIAI For Latvia Latvijai Elmars RANCANS, Riga, Latvia Elmars RANCANS, Ryga, Latvija Vilma Liaugaudaite, Nida Zemaitiene, Adomas Bunevicius For Lithuania Lietuvai Suicide and Depression: Epidemiology in Lithuania........................3 Arūnas GERMANAVIČIUS, Vilnius, Lithuania Arūnas GERMANAVIČIUS, Vilnius, Lietuva For Poland Lenkijai Kristina Mozuraityte, Julija Gecaite, Aiste Pranckeviciene, Wieslaw J. CUBALA, Gdansk, Poland Wieslaw J. CUBALA, Gdanskas, Lenkija Julius Burkauskas ASSISTANTS EDITORS ATSAKINGIEJI REDAKTORIAI Narrative Review: Depression Assessment Scales Used in Aurelija PODLIPSKYTĖ, Palanga, Lithuania Aurelija PODLIPSKYTĖ, Palanga, Lietuva Lithuania..........................................................................................11 Inesa BUNEVIČIENĖ, Kaunas, Lithuania Inesa BUNEVIČIENĖ, Kaunas, Lietuva Vilma LIAUGAUDAITĖ, Palanga, Lithuania Vilma LIAUGAUDAITĖ, Palanga, Lietuva Greta Styraite, Anete Ance Buka, Agne Sarskute, Davis Vecmuktans, Jurate Peceliuniene EDITORIAL BOARD REDAKCINĖ KOLEGIJA Depression Management in Primary Care in Lithuania and Virginija ADOMAITIENĖ, Kaunas, Lithuania Virginija ADOMAITIENĖ, Kaunas, Lietuva Latvia...............................................................................................17 Lembit ALLIKMETS, Tartu, Estonia Lembit ALLIKMETS, Tartu, Estija Julija BROŽAITIENĖ, Palanga, Lithuania Julija BROŽAITIENĖ, Palanga, Lietuva Inesa Buneviciene, Adomas Bunevicius Julius BURKAUSKAS, Palanga, Lithuania Julius BURKAUSKAS, Palanga, Lietuva Communication of research findings in peer-review literature: Gintautas DAUBARAS, Vilnius, Lithuania Gintautas DAUBARAS, Vilnius, Lietuva bibliometric index analysis of Lithuanian psychiatrists..................24 Vytenis P. DELTUVA, Kaunas, Lithuania Vytenis P. DELTUVA, Kaunas, Lithuania Antanas GOŠTAUTAS, Kaunas, Lithuania Antanas GOŠTAUTAS, Kaunas, Lietuva RESEARCH REPORTS Alicja JUSKIENĖ, Palanga, Lithuania Alicja JUŠKIENĖ, Palanga, Lietuva Vanda LIESIENĖ, Kaunas, Lithuania Vanda LIESIENĖ, Kaunas, Lietuva Margarita Slabadiene, Aidana Lygnugaryte-Griksiene Julius NEVERAUSKAS, Kaunas, Lithuania Julius NEVERAUSKAS, Kaunas, Lietuva Suicidal thoughts, intentions and suicide attempts by Lithuanian Artūras PETRONIS, Toronto, Canada Artūras PETRONIS, Torontas, Kanada medical students of the Lithuanian University of Health Sigita PLIOPLYS, Chicago, Illinois, USA Sigita PLIOPLYS, Čikaga, Ilinojus, JAV Sciences...........................................................................................29 Arthur J. PRANGE, Chapel Hill, North Arthur J. PRANGE, Čapel Hilas, Šiaurės Carolina, USA Karolina, JAV Daiva RASTENYTĖ, Kaunas, Lithuania Daiva RASTENYTĖ, Kaunas, Lietuva Palmira RUDALEVIČIENĖ, Vilnius, Lithuania Palmira RUDALEVIČIENĖ, Vilnius, Lietuva PhD THESES Kastytis ŠMIGELSKAS, Kaunas, Lithuania Kastytis ŠMIGELSKAS, Kaunas, Lietuva Arimantas TAMAŠAUSKAS, Kaunas, Arimantas TAMAŠAUSKAS, Kaunas, Lietuva Toma Garbenyte-Apolinskiene – The relationship between Lithuania lower extremities sport injuries and functional indicators of Giedrius VARONECKAS, Palanga, Lithuania Giedrius VARONECKAS, Palanga, Lietuva the musculoskeletal system in high level female basketball players.............................................................................................36 LAYOUT MAKETUOTOJA Aurelija PODLIPSKYTĖ Aurelija PODLIPSKYTĖ Oficialus Lietuvos biologinės psichiatrijos draugijos (LBPD) leidinys Remiamas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Neuromokslų instituto ir Palangos klinikos LEIDĖJAI Lietuvos biologinės psichiatrijos draugijos (LBPD) Tvirtovės al. 90A LT-50154 Kaunas. Tel. (8 460) 30011, Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Neuromokslų instituto Elgesio medicinos laboratorija Vydūno al. 4 LT–00135 Palanga. Tel. (8460) 30017 VIRŠELYJE – LSMU Psichiatrijos klinikos paciento darbas, atliktas meno ir užimtumo terapijoje PUSLAPIS INTERNETE http://biological-psychiatry.eu Vol. 22, No 1, 2020, May BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1 Editorial COVID-19 and the Brain COVID-19 pandemic has presented societies with unprecedented health and social challenges that continue to evolve. There is an accumulating body of evidence that COVID-19 associated stress and fear, economic and social uncertainties, and implementation of strict social isolation strategies cause serious mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, stress related disorders and addictions among other. Increasing incidence of the COVID-19 associated undiagnosed and untreated mental health disorders can subsequentially impair work productivity and post-COVID-19 economic recovery resulting in stress and mental health problems causing a vicious circle. Mental health sequalae of prolonged social isolation and deprivation of meaningful social contacts can also carry its toll for the young generation for years to come. COVID-19 imposed mental health challenges threaten to overburden already limited mental health resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to adapt the existing healthcare systems and to implement novel and innovative approaches to meet the growing demand for mental health services, especially for the most vulnerable populations. Aside from stress induced mental health problems, there is already some evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can have neuroinvasive potential. For example, a substantial proportion of COVID-19 patients experience neurological symptoms, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, which is used by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to access cells, is expressed in neurons and glial cells. Further research will help to unveil more light whether the SARS-CoV-2 can cause causes clinically meaningful CNS damage and disturbance of normal brain functioning. This special issue of the Journal was initiated in the pre-COVID-19 era with goal to review management of depression in Lithuania. As it turned out, the need for this knowledge is more important now than it was before. In this issue, we present a balanced review of epidemiology of depression and suicide ideation in Lithuania, discuss depression assessment scales used in Lithuania, review depression management in primary care setting in Lithuania and Latvia, analyze academic productivity of psychiatrists in Lithuania, and also investigate suicidal ideation in medical students in Lithuania. I would like to cordially thank authors and editorial team members for their efforts to construct this timely and important special issue. Please keep safe and well. Sincerely, Adomas Bunevicius MD, PhD 2 BIOLOGINĖ PSICHIATRIJA IR PSICHOFARMAKOLOGIJA T. 22, Nr. 1, 2020 m. gegužė LIAUGAUDAITE, ZEMAITIENE, BUNEVICIUS Suicide and Depression Suicide and Depression: Epidemiology in Lithuania Savižudybės ir depresija: epidemiologija Lietuvoje Vilma LIAUGAUDAITE1, Nida ZEMAITIENE2, Adomas BUNEVICIUS1 1Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania 2 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Health Psychology, Kaunas, Lithuania SUMMARY SANTRAUKA Suicide is a complex, multidimensional and multi-causal phenomenon Savižudybė yra sudėtingas, daugialypis ir daugiaveiksnis reiškinys, which can be described from different approaches and perspectives. kurį galima apibūdinti iš skirtingų požiūrių ir perspektyvų. Dažnai Most suicides are related to mental disorders, especially with savižudybės yra susijusios su psichikos sutrikimais, ypač su depresija. depression. Depression also known to be the most common disorder Depresija yra žinomas kaip labiausiai paplitęs psichikos sutrikimas among people who die by suicide. Lithuania has the highest suicide tarp žmonių, kurie miršta nuo savižudybės. Lietuva turi didžiausią rate in the EU, which poses a serious challenge to mental health savižudybių skaičių Europos Sąjungoje, ir tai kelia rimtą iššūkį šalies services. psichikos sveikatos tarnyboms. The objective of the present report was to review the statistical data Darbo tikslas – remiantis nacionaline ir tarptautine literatūra, of suicide and depression, risk factors, and to discuss possible suicide apžvelgti savižudybių ir depresijos statistinius duomenis, rizikos prevention methods, based on national and international literature. veiksnius, bei aptarti galimus savižudybių prevencijos metodus. Methods. Analysis of statistical data of suicide mortality and Metodika. Savižudybių mirtingumo ir depresijos sergamumo rodiklių morbidity of depression was based on a literature search of the World statistinių duomenų analizė atlikta