Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2004 Urban Development and Effects to Transportation Systems of Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky Wannaporn Jarupath Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Earth Sciences Commons, and the Geographic Information Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Jarupath, Wannaporn, "Urban Development and Effects to Transportation Systems of Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky" (2004). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 665. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTS TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS OF LEXINGTON, FAYETTE COUNTY, KENTUCKY Thesis Submitted to The Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Physical Science By Wannaporn Jarupath Ralph E. Oberly, Ph. D., Committee Chairperson James O. Brumfield, Ph. D. R. Elwyn Bellis, Ph. D. Marshall University December 8, 2004 ABSTRACT “Urban Development and Effects to Transportation System of Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky” By Wannaporn Jarupath Urban growth and its relationship to the transportation system of Lexington, Kentucky were investigated using temporal images of Landsat Thematic Mapper and multi-date line data. Land cover of the area was extracted using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Technologies. Change detection techniques were employed to identify areas of transformation between 1988 and 2000. Several digital image processes such as geometric registration, radiometric normalization, unsupervised classification, and accuracy assessment were applied to analyze the results. Vector analysis was utilized as well along with raster analysis to examine the effect of urban growth to the transportation system. Two datasets of line data were examined. Integration of both vector and raster analyses were implemented to interpret the urban growth. The final outcome shows that accelerated urban development had taken place in the study area and, as a result, the transportation system had developed to support the increased volume of the municipal area. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the following people for their support and assistance in accomplishing the research. Dr. James Brumfield for being the mentor, supporting me to pursue the Geobiophysical Modeling field, and providing the fundamentals and facilities needed to achieve the research. Dr. Ralph Oberly for encouraging me to pursue the project, guiding me through the processes, obtaining funding for the research, and being patient. Karen Pack and Chad Wilcomb for providing the ER Mapper software and licensing. Nick J. Rahall, II Appalachian Transportation Institute for financial support, providing instruments and additional ESRI software packages. In addition, I would like to thank my family and friends for their moral support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER I........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Overview..................................................................................................................... 1 Spatial Analysis ...................................................................................................... 2 Change Detection.................................................................................................... 4 Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Technologies................... 6 Objective..................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER II..................................................................................................................... 10 Methods and Techniques .............................................................................................. 10 Study Area ................................................................................................................ 10 Data Acquisition ....................................................................................................... 11 Satellite Images..................................................................................................... 11 Reference data....................................................................................................... 11 Data collected........................................................................................................ 12 Digital Image Processing .......................................................................................... 12 Principal Component Analysis ............................................................................. 12 Geometric Registration ......................................................................................... 13 Radiometric Normalization................................................................................... 16 Image Classification.............................................................................................. 18 Image Clustering............................................................................................... 18 Cluster Labeling................................................................................................ 19 Map Reclassification............................................................................................. 21 Accuracy Assessment ........................................................................................... 23 Map Comparison................................................................................................... 24 Map Generalization............................................................................................... 26 Vector Analysis......................................................................................................... 28 Radiometric Correction......................................................................................... 28 File Conversion..................................................................................................... 28 Spatial Referencing............................................................................................... 29 Data Comparison .................................................................................................. 29 Map Digitization ................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................... 31 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................. 31 Procedure Analysis ................................................................................................... 31 Change Detection Analysis....................................................................................... 36 Urban Change ....................................................................................................... 36 Transportation Change.......................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER IV ................................................................................................................... 41 Summary and Conclusion............................................................................................. 41 iv Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 43 Appendix....................................................................................................................... 48 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Overview map of the study area, Lexington ..................................................... 10 Figure 2: Display of image registration and ground control points.................................. 14 Figure 3: The overlay of two images registered to each other.......................................... 15 Figure 4: Display of histogram match between two datasets ........................................... 17 Figure 5: Display input of Unsupervised Classification specification.............................. 19 Figure 6: The output of two datasets after image classification process .......................... 20 Figure 7: Display reclassifications of land cover between 2000 and 1988....................... 22 Figure 8: Input datasets for accuracy assessment ............................................................