INDEX In the alphabetic order cis treated like ch, s and s like sh. The macron is in general used only with Iranian words in their Iranian (not Grecisized) forms. Abaris 501 his associates in this, 334-5, 400, Abenragel (Ibn Abi'l-Ridjal) 534-5, 407; ultimately omnipotent, 395; 537 represented in procession by an Abraham 277, 278, 437, 442 empty chariot, 3; worshipped with Achaemenians evidence for all the yazatas in "high places" continuity between their epoch and (q.v.), 264; under the later succeeding ones, 10 I, 102, 103, 106, Achaemenians associated especially Ill, 113, 115, 120, 121, 331; the with Mithra and Anahit, 235, 252; Mithradatids of Pontus claiming to associated traditionally with the follow an Achaemenian rite, 293-4; sun, 47~0; reveals truths to Arda the early Achaemenians represented Viraz, 431; his worship attested at as pious believers at Nimrud Dagh, Sardis, see Zeus Baradates, Zeus 331; their dynasty from its Polieus; in Phrygia, as "Zeus of the foundation having Zoroastrianism Persians", 261; in Pontus, see Zeus as its state religion, 473-4; the Stratios; possibly in Philadelphia as later Achaemenians upholders of Theos Hypsistos, 250-l; on the Zurvanite heterodoxy, q.v. Kushan coins, 180, 188 (?, as Achaius 29, 214, 219, 282 MOZDOOANO, a riding god); but ~donis garden 531 not on the terraces of Elymais, Adur Gusnasp 61, 74-80 45--6; within Zurvanism the son of Adyaman 318 Zurvan and brother of Anra Aesma see Wrath Mainyu, 307, 423; regularly Agathias 7 n. 25, 130 n. 30 "interpreted" as Zeus, q.v. (see ahori and biaeothanati 558 also Zeus-Oromasdes) Ahura, "Lord" title of Mazda, Ahurani-, "wives of the Ahura" 476 Mithra and *Varuna Ap~m Napat, AI Khanum 24-5, 43, 155, 157-9, 472 with n. 546; the three Ahuras, 165-72, 181-3, 185--6, 189-91 47~0, 487 Airyanem Vaejah Ahura Berezant (Burz) 280 n. 115 (Eranvej) artificially identified (see *Varuna) with Atropatene, 72; not identical Ahura Mazda (Oromasdes, with Choresmia, 192 n. 169 Hormisdas, Horomazes) the one Akhur-i Rustam 121 eternal Being, 363; his name Ala banda 24 7 meaning "Wisdom" 399· the alchemy 494-6 with n. 12, 561-4; benign Creator of what i~ good, supposed Persian tradition of, 564 325, 361, 399, 457, 544; his Alexander as avenger of Darius III, kingdom above the sky, 335; akin 4; possibly the founder of Ai to light, 457, 458; creating (or Khanum, 24, 157, 189; his evoking/emanating) the yazatas, benefactions to Anatolian temples, 458-9 with n. 472, 460; his great 212; founding a temple to Zeus at purpose the annihilation of the Sardis, 219; putative ancestor of the Spirit of Evil (see Anra Mainyu), Orontids of Commagene, 328; no 364, 394, 428, 443; this purpose evidence for his seeking to unite pursued through cosmic and Hellenes and Iranians, I 0, II; or to human history, 400; radically syncretize Zoroastrianism and the opposed to him, 363 with n. 6, 457, Hellenistic religion, 61; silence in 458, 494, 521, 533; righteous people Greek sources about his treatment 574 INDEX of the magi, 12, 14; said in Cap~adocia, 270, 271; in Sophene, Zoroastrian tradition to have slain 284; m Pontus, 288, 292, 298; them, 14-16; came to Iran absent generally from Central Asia, avowedly to revenge Greece, 12, 180, 187-8, 193 n. 173,280 n. 115; 373; Sibylline oracle against him, local connection with the Sacaia, 13, 373-4, 382; regarded in 289, 291-2; a river-goddess, her Zoroastrian tradition as a creature concept derived partly from that of of the Evil Spirit, 13, 15; "made by Aredvi Siira Anahita (q.v.), 211, Wrath", 375; late fiction of his 227, 231, 232, 245 ("Anaitis of the half-Persian blood, 60 n. 40. sacred waters"), 271 (barzoxara- "of Alexander Balas 33 high Hara"); hence a goddess of Alexander, satrap of Persis 29, 110 fertility, 211, 234; her concept also Alexandria-in-Arachosia see derived partly from that of Ishtar, Kandahar (Old) 227, 245-6, 264, 267; hence her Alexandria-in-Egypt 465, 477, 507, cult-title, "the Lady", 187 n. 14 7, 527 245-6; and her aspect of goddess Allath 47 with n. 77 ofwar, 219, 234, 264; called the altars, non-Iranian 107-8, 205, 207 goddess of Tmolus, 204; the Persian with n. 49, 352 Goddess, 217; the Persian Artemis, altars, Zoroastrian at Bunyan, 265; 218, 219, 227, 284; a Persian at Ebemi, 299; at Trapezus, 301; at Diana, 226; Anaitis, 243; Thea Nimrud Dagh, 322, 341-2 (for Anaitis, 243, 271; Anaitis Artemis, "fire-altars" see "fire-holders") 224; Artemis Anaitis, 215, 241, 242, Amasia 281, 287, 299, 300 243; Artemis, 204, 211, 215, 476; Amastris Achaemenian princess, Aphrodite, 292, 301; Meter Anaitis, 282, 286; her daughter, 287 243; Meter Anatidos (?) 243; Meter Amastris port, 282, 299 Artemis, 241; Banii-Pars, Amedines, Persian scribe and Shahrbanii, 203, 477; worshipped administrator 11-12 with "Apollo" - Mithra (?), 245, Amelius 510, 550 246; with Men Tiamu and Zeus Amda Spentas (Bounteous Sabazios, 242-3; linked with Immortals) known to Plutarch, Perseus, 230; probably distinct from 458-9; possibly traceable in Nana in Elymais, 47-8; her "Ostanes", 556 n. 209; reflected in temples, 166; at Bactra, 7, 187 the 7 Jewish archangels, 405; their n. 146; at Celenae-Apamea (q.v.); links with the 7 "creations" (q.v.) a at Damascus, 354; at Ecbatana non-transmittable doctrine, 380 (q.v.); at Golmermere (q.v.); at Amorion 259 Hierocaesarea (q.v.); at Hypaipa Amyzon 207-8, 210-12 (q.v.); at Kangavar, 87-8; near Anadatus (Persianyazata ?) 264, 288 Kula(?) (q.v.); at Nitalis, 271; at Anahit (Greek Anaitis) worship Philadelphia, q.v.; at Sarir;am promoted by Darius II, 202; (q.v.); at Zela (q.v.); her images, invoked from late Achaemenian 38 with n. 21, 162, 187, 227-30, times with Ahura Mazda and 241, 244, 246-7, 267; her symbols: Mithra, 235, 252; her worship in part borrowed from Ephesian better attested than that of any Artemis, deer, 227, 230, 232, 241, other yazata through her 244, 246; bee, 232; bulls' scrotums, temple-cult, 202, 205, 219, 252, 229, 243, 244; in part Iranian, 270, 308; one of the chief divinities horses, 230, 234; cow, 232, 246; of western Asia Minor, where in heifers sacred to her in Sophene, time she acquired a 284; like Ephesian Artemis, quasi-independent cult, 66, celebrated for her epiphanies, 21~20, 252; her cult attested there 224-5; the name "Anahit" widely on coins, 227 ff.; and in used in time for various Asiatic "chastisement" texts, 242-4; goddesses, 48 celebrated by Lydian and Bactrian Anahita see Aredvi Siira Anahita maidens, 204, 271; popular in Anaitis see Anahit .