Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed SH10 Kaeo Bridge Project State Highway 10, Kaeo 12 July 2019 Prepared for: New Zealand Transport Agency -c/o Aurecon Level 4 139 Carlton Gore Road New Market Auckland 1023 Prepared by: Geometria Limited PO Box 1972 Whangarei 0140 Page 2 – Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed SH10 Kaeo Bridge Project. State Highway 10, Kaeo. Executive Summary This report is an archaeological assessment of the Kaeo Bridge project, to replace the existing single lane bridge on State Highway 11 north of Kaeo at Whangaroa. This assessment has recorded one archaeological site on or in the vicinity of the designation for the project, however historic records suggest that other features may be present, and may provide information on the archaeology and history of the area. One previously unrecorded subsurface shell midden is located just outside the southern end of the designation, on the Pahuhu Stream, and other features associated with the late 19th/early 20th century Pahuhu settlement are nearby on the eastern side of the highway. Construction of the new Kaeo Bridge will not modify the recorded site or the Pahuhu settlement. An area used as a camping ground and landing by Maori in the same period near the western end of existing bridge may be modified by the new Kaeo Bridge. An archaeological authority under the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 is recommended to manage any potential effects on archaeological sites and features in this area. Archaeological monitoring guided by an archaeological site instruction during the early stages of enabling, site establishment and construction earthworks in the archaeologically sensitive area is recommended as an appropriate mitigation strategy, along with on-call protocols to manage other eventualities. The results of any archaeological investigation and analysis will be provided in reports to stakeholders such as the Tangata Whenua, Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and Far North District Council, and may be presented through public open days, media releases and interpretation where appropriate. Geometria Ltd Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed SH10 Kaeo Bridge Project. State Highway 10, Kaeo. - Page 3 Quality Information Document: Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed SH10 Kaeo Bridge Project. State Highway 10, Kaeo. Ref: 2017-107 Date: 12 July 2019 Prepared by: Jonathan Carpenter Revision History Revision Revision Date Details Authorized Name Client draft 0.1 24 October Issued to Aurecon/NZTA J. Carpenter 2017 Client draft 0.2 26 October Minor revisions. Issued to Tangata Whenua J. Carpenter 2017 Client draft 0.3 7December Minor revisions J. Carpenter 2017 Client draft 0.4 29 April 2019 Minor revisions due to design change J. Carpenter Client draft 0.5 14 June 2019 Minor revisions due to design change J. Carpenter Client draft 0.6 12 July 2019 Minor revisions due to design change J. Carpenter Final for submission 1.0 13 December Archaeological management plan added J. Carpenter 2019 © GEOMETRIA Limited 2019 The information contained in this document produced by GEOMETRIA Limited is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and GEOMETRIA Limited undertakes no duty to nor accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any from without the written permission of GEOMETRIA Limited. File ref.: C:\Users\Jono\Documents\2017\Aurecon\2017_107_Kaeo_Bridge\Reports\Working\20170924_Kaeo_Bri dge_Archaeological_Assessment_Final.docx Geometria Ltd Page 4 – Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed SH10 Kaeo Bridge Project. State Highway 10, Kaeo. Contents Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................2 Quality Information ................................................................................................................3 Contents .................................................................................................................................4 Figures .....................................................................................................................................5 Tables ......................................................................................................................................6 Glossary...................................................................................................................................7 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................8 1.1 The Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 .......................................8 1.2 The Resource Management Act 1991. .................................................................9 2.0 Location............................................................................................................................9 3.0 Proposed Development ..................................................................................................9 4.0 Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................10 5.0 Archaeological Context................................................................................................11 5.1 Recorded Archaeological Sites in the Vicinity ...................................................12 5.2 Archaeological Investigations in the Kaeo River Area ......................................14 5.3 Summary of the Archaeology of the Kaeo Area ...............................................15 5.4 Other Heritage Listings..........................................................................................15 6.0 Historic Background .......................................................................................................16 6.1 Ngāti Uru, Pohue and Te Ara ...............................................................................16 6.2 William Spickman in Kaeo ....................................................................................16 6.3 Review of Historic Maps and Plans - Te Huia, Pahuhu and Waikukupa Blocks 20 6.3 The 1906 Bridge .....................................................................................................22 6.4 Summary of the History of the Waikukupa-Te Huia-Pahuhu Area.....................22 7.0 Field Survey.....................................................................................................................31 7.1 Overview................................................................................................................31 7.2 P04/775 Midden, Pahuhu Stream ........................................................................36 8.0 Significance Assessment................................................................................................38 8.1 Assessment Criteria ...............................................................................................38 8.2 Significance Assessment of Midden P04/775......................................................39 9.0 Stakeholder Consultation ..............................................................................................41 9.1 Te Rununga o Whaingaroa and Ngāti Uru .........................................................41 9.2 Heritage New Zealand .........................................................................................41 10.0 Assessment of Effects ...................................................................................................41 10.1 Alternatives Analysis............................................................................................42 11.0 Recommendations and Mitigation ............................................................................43 12.0 Summary .......................................................................................................................45 13.0 References....................................................................................................................46 13.1 Published and Unpublished Reports and Books ...............................................46 13.2 Published and Unpublished Maps, Plans, Photographs and Paintings...........47 Appendix A - Site Record Forms .........................................................................................48 Appendix B – Draft Archaeological Management Plan ..................................................49 B.1.0 Purpose and Methods ................................................................................................49 B.2.0 Management of Archaeological Effects..................................................................49 B.2.1 Briefing ................................................................................................................49 B.2.2 Earthworks and other Ground Disturbing Activity ...........................................49 B.2.3 Features and Feature Recording......................................................................50 B.2.4 Analysis................................................................................................................51 B.2.5 Expected outputs...............................................................................................52 B.3.0 Personnel......................................................................................................................52