Newquay Growth Area Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation For the Duchy of Cornwall CA Project: 3566 CA Report: 11267 November 2011 Newquay Growth Area Newquay Cornwall Archaeological Evaluation CA Project: 3566 CA Report: 11267 prepared by Steven Sheldon, Project Supervisor date 24 November 2011 checked by Laurent Coleman, Project Manager date 24 November 2011 approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork signed date 24 November 2011 issue 01 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 3 2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-7) .......................................................................................... 6 3. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 10 4. CA PROJECT TEAM ........................................................................................... 12 5. REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 13 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................... 14 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ............................................................................................... 16 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM............................................................................ 17 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Site location plan, showing geophysical survey results and trench locations (1:6000) Fig. 3 Trench location plan (Trenches1-2 and 6-10), showing geophysical survey results and archaeological features (1:1000) Fig. 4 Trench location plan (Trenches 2-6), showing geophysical survey results and archaeological features (1:1000) Fig. 5 Trenches 1 and 7: Sections (1:20) and photographs Fig. 6 Trenches 8 and 10: Sections (1:20) and photographs 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Newquay Growth Area Location: Newquay, Cornwall NGR: SW 8322 6053 Type: Evaluation Date: 19 September to 4 October 2011 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Royal Cornwall Museum Accession Number: TRURI: 2011.60 Site Code: NGA 11 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology between September and October 2011 of land within the south-western part of Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall. A total of 10 trenches, all of which were targeted on anomalies identified by an earlier geophysical survey, was excavated. The evaluation has identified a number of archaeological features within the current evaluation area (south of the railway). Features of Late Iron Age/Romano-British date were identified in Trenches 1, 6, 7, 8 and 10. A ditch, probably representing part of an enclosure depicted by the earlier geophysical survey, was identified in Trench 7. Further ditches, possibly representing the remains of roundhouses or internal divisions within the enclosure, were also identified in Trench 7. Late Iron Age/Romano-British features comprising pits and/or postholes were identified in Trenches 1 and 7 and are suggestive of settlement activity. A ditch in Trench 8 may represent a small enclosure or roundhouse ditch. A number of undated features were also identified. Undated pits/postholes identified in Trench 7 may be contemporary with the Late Iron Age/Romano-British activity in the vicinity of these features. A similar interpretation is probable for many of the remaining features, including two slightly curvilinear ditches identified in Trenches 1 and 8. The exact function of the undated ditches identified in Trenches 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 remains unclear, although they are likely to relate to land management and/or division. Further archaeological evaluation (within the corridor of the Strategic Route) has been undertaken and is subject to a separate evaluation report. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Between September and October 2011 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for the Duchy of Cornwall of land at Newquay Growth Area (centred on NGR: SW 8322 6053; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to accompany a planning application for development. For logistical reasons the evaluation was undertaken at the same time as trial trenching within the corridor of the Newquay Strategic Route. 1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2011a) and approved by Dan Ratcliffe, Historic Environment Planning Advice Officer, Cornwall Council. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (IfA 2008), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by Mr Ratcliffe, including a site visit on 21 September 2011. 1.3 Further archaeological evaluation, and a watching brief during geotechnical works, was undertaken within the corridor of Newquay Strategic Route. The results of these works are presented in a separate report (CA 2011b). The site 1.4 Newquay Growth Area (the site, Fig. 1) comprises an area of farmland, covering c. 172ha, on the south-eastern outskirts of Newquay. It is bounded by the A3059 to the north, by the A392 to the south, by residential properties to the west and by fields to the east. The current evaluation area, which lies within the south-western part of Newquay Growth Area, comprises five arable fields covering an area of c. 10ha. It is bounded by the A392 to the south, by properties fronting on to Trencreek Road to the west, by a railway line and fields to the north, and fields to the east. The proposed Newquay Strategic Route passes through the centre of the site from north to south. The current evaluation area lies on a north-facing slope, the ground descending from approximately 72m to 45m AOD. 1.5 The land is currently occupied by agricultural enclosures characterised on the Cornwall HER as ‘anciently enclosed land’. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological Evaluation 1.6 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Lower Devonian slates and sandstones of the Meadfoot Group (BGS 2011). The natural geological substrate was encountered within all of the trenches. Archaeological background 1.7 The archaeological and historical background to the site has been presented in detail in the desk-based assessments prepared by South West Archaeology (2004) and RPS (2007 and 2009). In brief, the proposed development area lies within a landscape where archaeological remains, primarily dating from the Neolithic to Iron Age/Roman periods, have been identified and investigated. Sites include a late Neolithic/early Bronze Age settlement at Tregunnell Hill, an ‘open’ settlement at Trevithick Manor and a late Iron Age/Roman settlement complex at Manuel’s Farm. 1.8 Geophysical survey has been undertaken across a large part of the Newquay Growth Area (Pre-Construct Geophysics 2011a) and within the corridor of Newquay Strategic Route (Pre-Construct Geophysics 2011b). A number of field boundaries, probably dating from the prehistoric to post medieval periods, were identified within the northern and eastern parts of the site. Further anomalies, including probable post-medieval field boundaries and a number of undated pits and ditches, were also identified in these areas. Within the current evaluation area, the geophysical survey identified a possible prehistoric settlement comprising a probable rectilinear ditch system surrounding a small cluster of settlement enclosures. 1.9 The results of the archaeological evaluation within the corridor of Newquay Strategic Route are summarised as follows (CA 2011b): 1.10 Within the northern part of the Strategic Route (i.e. to the north of Quintrell Road), a ditch terminus was identified dating to the Bronze Age, as well as a possible roundhouse with a possible in situ floor surface. Limited Late Iron Age to Romano- British activity was also identified in this area. Further Bronze Age activity, comprising a small number of pits, was identified in the southern part of the site (i.e. south of the railway). An intensive zone of Late Iron Age to Romano-British settlement activity was also identified within the southern part of the site, this included enclosures, possible roundhouses, pits and possible field system ditches. 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Newquay Growth Area, Newquay, Cornwall: Archaeological Evaluation 1.11 Features associated with medieval and post-medieval agricultural land use were also recorded. The watching brief undertaken during geotechnical investigation works identified one undated pit.