S D O f o s e s u k c o t s d e e F Information Paper on Feedstock Uses of Ozone-Depleting Substances Touchdown Consulting December 2012 Information paper on feedstock uses of ozone-depleting substances December 2012 Authors: Melanie Miller MSc PhD and Tom Batchelor MSc PhD Touchdown Consulting This paper was produced for the European Commission under Service Contract No. 07.1201/2011/601842/SER/CLIMA.C2 Disclaimer This report has been prepared for the European Commission in the context of Service Contract No 07.1201/2011/601842/SER/CLIMA.C2. The views expressed herein are those of the authors alone and can in no way be taken to reflect the opinion of the European Commission. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained in this document. INFORMATION PAPER ON FEEDSTOCK USES OF OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES DECEMBER 2012 CONTENTS LIST 1. SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Role of ODS feedstock ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Montreal Protocol provisions ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Reported feedstock production ................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Feedstock substances and uses ................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Emission factors ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.6 Existing and potential alternatives .............................................................................................................. 7 2. MONTREAL PROTOCOL PROVISIONS RELATING TO FEEDSTOCK ....................................................................... 8 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Feedstock exemption and definitions .......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Status as controlled substances ................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Preventing and minimising emissions ........................................................................................................ 10 3. MONITORING AND REPORTING ON FEEDSTOCK ............................................................................................. 12 3.1 Monitoring and reporting by Parties ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Decisions requesting reports by TEAP and SAP ......................................................................................... 13 4. DATA ON FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION, IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ....................................................................... 15 4.1 Sources of data .......................................................................................................................................... 15 4.2 Reported feedstock production in A2 and A5 countries............................................................................ 15 4.3 Geographic regions .................................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 Feedstock exports and imports ................................................................................................................. 17 4.5 Changes in feedstock substances since 1991 ............................................................................................ 18 4.6 Feedstock substances in A2 and A5 countries, 2007-2011 ....................................................................... 19 4.7 Major feedstock substances in 2011 ......................................................................................................... 21 4.8 Trends in HCFC feedstock production........................................................................................................ 22 5. FEEDSTOCK USES ............................................................................................................................................. 24 5.1 Main products made from ODS feedstock................................................................................................. 24 5.2 Number of feedstock uses ......................................................................................................................... 24 5.3 High volume uses identified to date .......................................................................................................... 26 6. FEEDSTOCK EMISSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 27 6.1 Sources of emissions .................................................................................................................................. 27 Feedstock page 1 of 72 6.2 Emission minimisation techniques ............................................................................................................ 28 6.3 Limitations in emissions data ..................................................................................................................... 29 6.4 Emission estimates based on emission factors .......................................................................................... 30 6.4.1 Estimates of emissions based on 0.2 - 4% emission factor ................................................................. 30 6.4.2 Estimates of emissions based on 0.5% emission factor ...................................................................... 31 6.4.3 Estimates of emissions based on 0.1 – 5% emission factor ................................................................ 32 6.4.4 Summary of emission factors ............................................................................................................. 33 6.5 HFC-23 by-product emissions from ODS feedstock ................................................................................... 35 7. FEEDSTOCK ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................................................. 38 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 38 7.2 Potential alternatives for specific uses ...................................................................................................... 38 ANNEX 1: MONTREAL PROTOCOL ARTICLES AND DECSIONS ON FEEDSTOCK..................................................... 43 Table 17: Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol Articles on feedstock ................................................... 43 Table 18: MP Decisions relating to feedstock uses .......................................................................................... 44 ANNEX 2: MP DECISIONS REQUESTING REPORTS ON FEEDSTOCK BY TEAP & OTHER BODIES ........................... 46 Table 19: MP Decisions requesting reports on feedstock by TEAP and the Scientific Assessment Panel ....... 46 ANNEX 3: REPORTED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION BY ODS GROUP, 2007-2011 .................................................... 50 ANNEX 4: REPORTED FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION BY ODS SUBSTANCE, 2010 ...................................................... 51 Table 21: Reported feedstock production, imports & exports by substance in 2010 (metric tonnes) ........... 51 Table 22: Reported feedstock production, imports & exports by substance in 2010 (ODP-tonnes & tCO2eq) .......................................................................................................................................................................... 52 ANNEX 5: END-USES OF CTC PRODUCTION, 2006-2008 ...................................................................................... 53 ANNEX 6: LIST OF ODS FEEDSTOCK USES ............................................................................................................. 54 ANNEX 7: FORMAT FOR COMPILING INFORMATION ON FEEDSTOCK USES AND ALTERNATIVES ....................... 62 ANNEX 8: POTENTIAL SOURCES OF EMISSIONS ................................................................................................... 65 ANNEX 9: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 70 Feedstock page 2 of 72 List of Tables Table 1: Various TEAP emission factors applied to feedstock production in 2011 ................................................ 7 Table 2: Requirements for monitoring and reporting on feedstock by Parties ................................................... 12 Table 3: Decisions requesting reports on feedstock by TEAP and SAP ................................................................ 14 Table 4: Reported ODS production for feedstock in 2007-2011, in A2 and A5 countries (metric tonnes) .......... 16 Table 5: Reported feedstock exports and imports in 2010 (metric tonnes) .......................................................