1 Newspaper Analysis Programe TM Additional Note-5 (UPSC PTcumMAINS-2020) (China foreign policy-1) Contents- 17. Difference between New Development Bank and ASIA INFRASTRUCTURE 1. China – Important events (1271-2016) AND INVESTMENT 2. Foreign Policy Evolution of China (1949 - 18. The Chinese fault line in foreign policy - present) MK Narayanan (The Hindu) 3. Present Scenario - China Sees Itself at 19. Exclusive- India and China in a multipolar Center of New Asian Order (The Wall world (SANJAYA BARU) Street Journal) 20. China’s long game in West Asia 4. One Belt One Road’ initiative 21. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor 5. Whether India should be part of the new 22. Exclusive - Charting a new Asian history Silk Route ? (The Hindu) (The Hindu) 6. Mausam and Spice Route initiative of Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar India (BCIM) 7. Why OBOR of China is not at all a good Analysis of BCIM and CPEC idea for India? 23. India and the new great game (The Hindu) 8. Cultural Relations between India and 24. The Manama Declaration China: The Tradition of Continuity 25. Summary 9. South China Sea issue 10. Recent Ruling of PCA 11. India- China relations Timeline (1959- 2016) 12. G-20 , China 13. Analysis of G -20 14. 'China-India synergy will energise G20, BRICS' (The Hindu) 15. The building of the BRICS bank 16. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 2 Newspaper Analysis Programe TM Additional Note-5 (UPSC PTcumMAINS-2020) (China foreign policy-1) Defeated by foreign intervention, with Western powers, Russia and Japan extracting further concessions from weakened Qing government. The Republic 1911-12 - Military revolts by reform-minded officers lead to proclamation of Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen and abdication of last Qing emperor. Republic struggles to consolidate its rule amid regional warlordism and the rise of the Communist Party. 1925 - The death of Sun Yat-sen brings Chiang Kai- shek to the fore. He breaks with the Communists and confirms the governing Kuomintang as a nationalist party. China profile – Important events 1931-45 - Japan invades and gradually occupies more Mongol rule and more of China. 1271-1368 - Mongols conquer China and establish 1934-35 - Mao Zedong emerges as Communist their own Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan. leader during the party's "Long March" to its new base Marco Polo and other Westerners visit. Beijing in Shaanxi Province. becomes the capital of a united China. 1937 - Kuomintang and Communists nominally unite 1368 - Ming Dynasty overthrows Mongols and against Japanese. Civil war resumes after Japan's establishes sophisticated agricultural economy, defeat in Second World War. underpinning strong centralised bureaucracy and military. Great Wall of China completed in the form Communist victory seen today. 1949 - 1 October - Mao Zedong, having led the 1644 - Manchu Qing Dynasty drives out Ming. Communists to victory against the Nationalists after Chinese empire reaches its zenith, with the annexation more than 20 years of civil war, proclaims the of Tibet, Mongolia and present-day Xinjiang founding of the People's Republic of China. The (Turkestan). Nationalists retreat to the island of Taiwan and set up a government there. 19th Century - Qing Dynasty begins a long decline. Western powers impose "unequal treaties" that create 1950 October - China sends People's Liberation Army foreign concessions in China's ports. Regional (PLA) troops into Tibet enforcing a longstanding warlords rise as central government atrophies. claim. 1899-1901 - "Boxer Rebellion" in Northern China 1958 - Mao launches the "Great Leap Forward", a seeks to stifle reforms in the Qing administration, drive five-year economic plan. Farming is collectivised and out foreigners and re-establish traditional rule. labour-intensive industry is introduced. The drive 3 Newspaper Analysis Programe TM Additional Note-5 (UPSC PTcumMAINS-2020) (China foreign policy-1) produces economic breakdown and is abandoned after The International Monetary Fund (IMF) ranks China's two years. Disruption to agriculture is blamed for the economy as third largest in the world after the US and deaths by starvation of millions of people following Japan. poor harvests. 1996 - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and 1959 - Chinese forces suppress large-scale revolt in Tajikistan - dubbed the Shanghai Five - meet in Tibet. Shanghai and agree to cooperate to combat ethnic and religious tensions in each others' countries. 1962 - Brief conflict with India over disputed Himalayan border. 2001 June - Leaders of China, Russia and four Central Asian states launch the Shanghai Cooperation 1966-76 - "Cultural Revolution", Mao's 10-year Organisation (SCO) and sign an agreement to fight political and ideological campaign aimed at reviving ethnic and religious militancy while promoting trade revolutionary spirit, produces massive social, and investment. The group emerges when the Shanghai economic and political upheaval. Five - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and From 1977 Deng Xiaoping emerges as the dominant Tajikistan - are joined by Uzbekistan. figure among pragmatists in the leadership. Under him, 2001 June - China carries out military exercises China undertakes far-reaching economic reforms. simulating an invasion of Taiwan, at the same time as 1979 - Diplomatic relations established with the US. the island's armed forces test their capability to defend Taiwan against a missile attack from China. Government imposes one-child policy in effort to curb population growth. 2001 November - China joins the World Trade Organisation. 1986-90 - China's "Open-door policy" opens the country to foreign investment and encourages 2002 November - Vice-President Hu Jintao is named development of a market economy and private sector. head of the ruling Communist Party, replacing Jiang Zemin, the outgoing president. Jiang is re-elected head 1989 - Troops open fire on demonstrators who have of the influential Central Military Commission, which camped for weeks in Tiananmen Square initially to oversees the armed forces. demand the posthumous rehabilitation of former CCP General Secretary Hu Yaobang, who was forced to 2003 June - China, India reach de facto agreement over resign in 1987. The official death toll is 200. status of Tibet and Sikkim in landmark cross-border International outrage leads to sanctions. trade agreement. 1989 - Jiang Zemin takes over as Chinese Communist Tibet unrest Party general secretary from Zhao Ziyang, who refused 2008 March - Anti-China protests escalate into the to support martial law during the Tiananmen worst violence Tibet has seen in 20 years, five months demonstrations. before Beijing hosts the Olympic Games. 1992 - Russia and China sign declaration restoring Pro-Tibet activists in several countries focus world friendly ties. attention on the region by disrupting progress of the Olympic torch relay. 4 Newspaper Analysis Programe TM Additional Note-5 (UPSC PTcumMAINS-2020) (China foreign policy-1) 2008 May - A massive earthquake hits Sichuan Tokyo published figures showing a Japanese GDP rise province, killing tens of thousands. of only four per cent in 2010. 2008 June - China and Taiwan agree to set up offices 2012 May - Philippines and Chinese naval vessels in each other's territory at the first formal bilateral talks confront one another off the Scarborough Shoal reef in since 1999. the South China Sea. Both countries claim the reef, which may have significant reserves of oil and gas. Japan and China reach a deal for the joint development of a gas field in the East China Sea, resolving a four- China launches its first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning - year-old dispute. a converted former Soviet vessel. 2008 July - China and Russia sign a treaty ending 40- 2012 November - Communist Party holds congress year-old border dispute which led to armed clashes expected to start a once-in-a-decade transfer of power during the Cold War. to a new generation of leaders. Vice-President and heir-apparent Xi Jinping takes over as party chief 2008 August - Beijing hosts Olympic Games. and assumes the presidency in March 2013. Global financial crisis 2014 A row with Vietnam over disputed islands 2008 November - The government announces a escalates, as ships from the two countries collide in the $586bn (£370bn) stimulus package to avoid the waters of the South China Sea. Chinese workers flee economy slowing. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao says Vietnam after the row sparks anti-China riots. the effect of the global financial crisis on China is China signs a 30-year deal worth an estimated $400bn worse than expected. for gas supplies from Russia's Gazprom. 2009 February - Russia and China sign $25bn deal to Hong Kong protests supply China with oil for next 20 years in exchange for loans. 2014 September-October - Protests against Beijing's plans to vet candidates for elections in 2017 grip Hong Tensions with US, Japan Kong. 2010 January - China posts a 17.7% rise in exports in 2015 November - China's President Xi Jinping and December, suggesting it has overtaken Germany as the Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou hold historic talks in world's biggest exporter. Singapore, the first such meeting since the Chinese 2010 September - Diplomatic row erupts over Japan's Civil War finished and the nations split in 1949. arrest of Chinese trawler crew in disputed waters in 2016 January - Economic growth in 2015 falls to East China Sea. Japan later frees the crew but rejects lowest rate in 25 years (6.9%, down from 7.3% in Chinese demands for an apology. 2014), and International Monetary Fund predicts No.2 world economy further deceleration over next two years. 2011 February - China formally overtakes Japan to Foreign Policy Evolution of China (1949 become the world's second-largest economy after - present) 5 Newspaper Analysis Programe TM Additional Note-5 (UPSC PTcumMAINS-2020) (China foreign policy-1) In the PRC, there had always been firm connectivity at home of a ‘Harmonious Socialist Society’ and between the identified domestic goals and foreign ‘Sustainable development’ constituted main elements.