ISBN 1-897176-69-4 ISSN 1198-273X PICES SCIENTIFIC PICES PUBLICATIONS REPORT No. 38 2010 The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) was established by an international convention in 1992 to promote international cooperative research efforts to solve key scientific problems in the North Pacific Ocean. PICES regularly publishes various types of general, scientific, and technical information in the following publications: PICES ANNUAL REPORTS – are major JOURNAL SPECIAL ISSUES – are peer- products of PICES Annual Meetings which reviewed publications resulting from symposia document the administrative and scientific activities and Annual Meeting scientific sessions and of the Organization, and its formal decisions, by workshops that are published in conjunction with calendar year. commercial scientific journals. 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Front cover figure Gears used during the three micronekton sampling gear experiments off Oahu Island, Hawaii, U.S.A., southeast of Hokkaido Island, Japan, and in the eastern Bering Sea. The seven gears inter-compared were, from upper left in a clockwise direction: Cobb Trawl (photo credit, E. Pakhomov, UBC), Isaacs- Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT; photo credit, M. Seki, NOAA), Hokkaido University Frame Midwater Report of the Advisory Panel Trawl (FMT; also referred to as HUFT; photo credit, E. Pakhomov), Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS-1, MOCNESS-10, Midwater Otter Trawl (OT) plus on Micronekton Sampling Multisampler, and Matsuda-Oozeki-Hu Trawl (photo credits, O. Yamamura, HNFRI). Inter-calibration Experiment NORTH PACIFIC MARINE SCIENCE ORGANIZATION PICES Scientific Report No. 38 2010 Report of the Advisory Panel on Micronekton Sampling Inter-calibration Experiment Edited by Evgeny Pakhomov and Orio Yamamura September 2010 Secretariat / Publisher North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2 Canada E-mail: [email protected] Home Page: http://www.pices.int Contents Contributing Authors..................................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 References .....................................................................................................................................................2 2 First Micronekton Inter-calibration Experiment, MIE-1.................................................................................3 2.1 Macrozooplankton and Micronekton off Oahu Island, Hawaii: Composition and Gear Inter-calibration E.A. Pakhomov, A.V. Suntsov, M.P. Seki, R.D. Brodeur, R. Domokos, L.G. Pakhomova and K.R. Owen....3 2.1.1 Background and Methodology ........................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Taxonomic Composition of Catches ...............................................................................................7 2.1.3 Catch Length Frequency Composition .............................................................................................11 2.1.4 Inter-calibration between Three Sampling Gears Used during the MIE-1.......................................13 2.1.5 MIE-1 Macroplankton/Micronekton Lessons ...............................................................................18 2.2 Acoustic Characterization of the Mesopelagic Community off the Leeward Coast of Oahu Island, Hawaii R. Domokos, E.A. Pakhomov, A.V. Suntsov, M.P. Seki and J.J. Polovina .....................................19 2.2.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................................19 2.2.2 Acoustic Results............................................................................................................................20 2.2.3 Main Findings ...............................................................................................................................24 2.3 Ichthyoplankton in the Vicinity of Oahu Island, Hawaii A.V. Suntsov, E.A. Pakhomov, M.P. Seki, R.D. Brodeur, R. Domokos and L.G. Pakhomova .....................27 2.3.1 Composition and Abundance of Ichthyoplankton Collected during the MIE-1............................27 2.3.2 Comparison of Diversity and Abundance between Different Net Types ......................................34 2.3.3 Similarity of Ichthyoplankton Assemblages Sampled by Different Nets......................................34 2.3.4 Summary .......................................................................................................................................36 2.4 References ...................................................................................................................................................36 3 Second Micronekton Inter-calibration Experiment, MIE-2...........................................................................37 3.1 Macrozooplankton and Micronekton off Hokkaido Island, Japan: Composition and Gear Inter-calibration O. Yamamura and H. Yasuma.........................................................................................37 3.1.1 Background of the MIE-2 .............................................................................................................37 3.1.2 Sampling .......................................................................................................................................39 3.1.3 Sample and Data Processing .........................................................................................................40 3.1.4 Catch Composition and Diversity .................................................................................................41 3.1.5 Sampling Efficiency of Micronekton ............................................................................................42 3.1.6 Sampling Efficiency of Euphausiids .............................................................................................46 3.1.7 Size Distribution of Samples.........................................................................................................47 3.2 Comparison between Acoustic Estimates H. Yasuma and O. Yamamura .................................................51 3.2.1 Data Collection and Analyses .......................................................................................................51 3.2.2 Day and Nighttime Echograms and Vertical Fish Density............................................................51 3.2.3 Horizontal Distribution and Biomass ............................................................................................52 3.2.4 Comparative Results between Acoustic and Three Sampling Gears.............................................55 PICES Scientific Report No. 38 iii 3.3 Summary of Results from the MIE-2 ..........................................................................................................57 3.4 References ...................................................................................................................................................57 4 Third Micronekton Inter-calibration Experiment, MIE-3 .............................................................................59 4.1 Macrozooplankton and Micronekton in the eastern Bering Sea: Composition and Gear Inter-calibration O. Yamamura, A.V. Suntsov and H. Yasuma ..................................................................59 4.1.1 Background and Methodology ......................................................................................................59 4.1.2 Sampling Efficiency......................................................................................................................60 4.1.3 Size Distribution of Samples.........................................................................................................61 4.1.4 Comparison with Acoustic Data....................................................................................................63 4.2 Summary of MIE-3 Results.........................................................................................................................65 4.3 References ...................................................................................................................................................65 5 Overview and Recommendations......................................................................................................................67