THE BEST OF POWER & ENERGY Building Blocks for Grid Modernization IEEE Smart Grid wants you! PARTICIPATE! ENGAGE! GET INVOLVED! Become a member or chair one of the following committees: • Smart Grid Steering • Smart Grid Social Media & Marketing • Smart Grid R&D/Outreach • Smart Grid Standards • Smart Grid Newsletter • Smart Grid Education • Smart Grid Meetings & Conferences For more information on how you can lead or get involved, contact us at [email protected] smartgrid.ieee.org magazine www.ieee.org/power The Best of Power & Energy Building Blocks for Grid Modernization ...a 2014 reprint journal from PES on the cover features 6 6 Five Heads Are Better Than One By Vinod Namboodiri, Visvakumar Aravinthan, Siny Joseph, Edwin Sawan, and Ward Jewell 13 Time in the Sun By Jan von Appen, Martin Braun, Thomas Stetz, Konrad Diwold, and Dominik Geibel 23 Ecocity Upon a Hill By Laurent Schmitt, Jayant Kumar, David Sun, Said Kayal, and S.S. (Mani) Venkata 35 The Flexibility Workout By Hannele Holttinen, Aidan Tuohy, Michael Milligan, Eamonn Lannoye, Vera Silva, Simon Müller, and Lennart Söder 46 Harmonizing AC and DC By Peng Wang, Lalit Goel, Xiong Liu, and Fook Hoong Choo 54 Balance of Power By Chongqing Kang, Xinyu Chen, Qianyao Xu, Dongming Ren, Yuehui Huang, Qing Xia, Weisheng Wang, Changming Jiang, Ji Liang, Jianbo Xin, Xu Chen, Bo Peng, Kun Men, Zheng Chen, Xiaoming Jin, Hui Li, and Junhui Huang 63 in my view looking back at the solar industry Julia Hamm 35 contents IEEE power & energy magazine 1 magazine President, Olken Group, Inc IEEE Periodicals/Magazines Department Melvin I. Olken 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA 245 East 19th Street #20K +1 732 562 3950, fax +1 732 981 1855 New York, NY 10003-2665 USA www.ieee.org/magazines +1 212 982 8286 (phone fax) Geraldine Krolin-Taylor, Senior Managing Editor [email protected] Janet Dudar, Senior Art Director Gail A. 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Mission Statement: To be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for our members. Officers Standing Committee Chairs Technical Committee Chairs M.M. Begovic, President D. Morrow, Awards & Recognition M. Sedlak, Electric Machinery D. Novosel, President-Elect N. Nair, Constitution & Bylaws R. Groves, Energy Development & Power F. Lambert, Vice President, Chapters C. Root, Finance & Audit Generation J.H. Nelson, Vice President, Technical Activities N. Schulz, Nominations & Appointments J. Smith, Insulated Conductors P.W. Sauer, Vice President, Education K. Butler-Purry, Power Engineering Education G. Ballassi, Nuclear Power Engineering M. Crow, Vice President, Publications W.K. Reder, Scholarship Plus S. Carneiro, Jr., Power System Analysis, T. Mayne, Vice President, Meetings Computing, & Economics H. Louie, Vice President, Chapter Representatives D. 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Edwards, Technical Sessions fax +1 732 562 3881, e-mail [email protected] K.S. Edwards, Vice-Chair K.S. Edwards, Meetings & Marketing M.P. Sanders, Secretary M.P. Sanders, Organization & Procedures D. Novosel, Past-Chair W. Bartley, Standards Coordination Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2013.2284627 M. Maytum, Web Master 2 IEEE power & energy magazine Miroslav Begovic, President, IEEE Power & Energy Society building blocks, indeed leader’s corner leader’s March, 2014 To: Recipients of the 2014 IEEE PES Smart Grid Reprint Journal: “SMART GRID” IS AN IDEA AND tool kit. Our colleagues presented much present an attractive option for many an outcome rather than a prescribed set new thinking to our challenges this year applications, from efficient long- of technologies. The ideas, the technol- in the pages of Power & Energy Maga- distance, high-voltage lines to renew- ogies and the approaches that fall under zine and we’re proud to present seven able power for dc loads in homes and the smart grid rubric must be tailored to of them in this special issue. Buckle businesses. In “Harmonizing AC and a diversity of circumstances and needs. up, we’ll be traveling from Kansas to DC” the authors discuss a hybrid AC No wonder “smart grid” must be a flex- China, France, Germany and … the / DC grid for the future, driven by the ible, adaptable term, despite the con- 19th century and the year 2032. increasingly attractive gains in effi- Scern that its meaning is too diffuse. For In “Five Heads Are Better Than ciency it offers. the concept to be suitably flexible, its One,” five authors devised a multi- “Ecocity Up On a Hill” looks to the meaning must be malleable. disciplinary curriculum for graduate European experience with microgrids The same goes for the “tool kit,” a students at Wichita State University in – a diverse animal with one