Brief Chronicles Vol. III (2011) 169 She Will Not Be a Mother: Evaluating the Seymour Prince Tudor Hypothesis Bonner Miller Cutting wo theories, called the Prince Tudor hypotheses, have generated much debate in authorship discussions. The release of the film Anonymous in the Tfall of 2011 is likely to bring more attention to these questions. Of the two hypotheses, the one most often put forth holds that Queen Elizabeth had a son with the 17th Earl of Oxford. The child of this liaison was placed with the Southampton family to be raised as an Earl’s son and educated in a privileged environment suitable to one who might ultimately become heir to the throne of England.1 In the other theory, it is posited that Queen Elizabeth in her youth had a child with Thomas Seymour, the Lord Admiral of England. According to this hypothesis, the child was placed in the household of the 16th Earl of Oxford where he was raised as an Earl’s son and received the benefits of a privileged upbringing befitting a royal prince.2 In both of these theories, this proposed child would have royal parentage, thus they are known as “Prince Tudor” or PT theories. There is some confusion in the nomenclature of the PT theories, heretofore known as PT I and PT II theories, and this confusion has worsened with the advent of something known as the “Double PT Theory” which combines both theories.3 For the purposes of clarity, in this paper the scenarios will be referred to as the “Seymour PT Theory” and the “Southampton PT Theory” respectively. This article will only discuss the “Seymour PT Theory.” In an article published in 2006 in the Shakespeare Oxford Newsletter, Richard Whalen cogently summarized the pros and cons of these two theories. Whalen noted that both theories contain the seductive elements of a good story, including “a possible love affair, potential adultery and bastardy, political intrigue, royal Brief Chronicles Vol. III (2011) 170 succession, clandestine surrogate parents, changeling children.”4 Looking at these themes from the perspective of the Shakespeare authorship mystery brings a new depth to the interpretation of Shakespeare’s literary work, most especially the Sonnets, making this inquiry one that is well worth pursuing in spite of the dismay that it engenders in some quarters. Though both the Seymour PT and Southampton PT hypotheses reflect curious historical circumstances that defy traditional explanations, the major weakness of both theories is that there is no direct biographical evidence to support either one. Moreover, there are two separate issues inherent in the Seymour PT theory. The purpose of this paper is to disentangle these two components: what are the historical facts of the Seymour incident that indicate that Elizabeth may or may not have borne a child; and what is the likelihood that this child, if there was one, might have been raised as the son of the 16th Earl of Oxford? In pursuing answers to these questions, the standard histories of the Tudor era have been consulted, but with the caveat that the obligatory interpretations are not always adhered to in this paper. A Princess’ Child? Soon after King Henry VIII’s death in January of 1547, Princess Elizabeth moved into Chelsea Manor, the country home that the King provided for Queen Katherine Parr, his sixth Queen and the one who was fortunate enough to become his surviving spouse.5 The Dowager Queen occupied Chelsea with her fourth husband Thomas Seymour, the attractive, swash-buckling Lothario6 whom she married within months of the King’s death. Thomas was the brother of Jane Seymour, Henry’s third Queen, and his close kinship with the young King Edward VI facilitated his ascendency into the peerage as Baron Seymour of Sudeley and his promotion to the rank of Lord High Admiral, the most powerful military position in England.7 Known for his boundless ambition, Seymour had wanted to marry either Princess Mary or Princess Elizabeth but had settled for Henry’s Queen because she had been in love with him prior to her marriage to the King.8 As noted by Katherine’s biographer Susan James, “For Seymour, the queen-dowager would be a valuable asset in his quest for greater influence on the council. She was still in love with him and to his experienced eye, ripe for seduction.”9 To her credit, Queen Katherine had made a concerted effort to bring Henry’s three estranged children together as a family during her marriage to the King,10 and she established what appeared to be an especially warm and nurturing relationship with the young Princess Elizabeth.11 It was understandable that the Queen wanted to keep the adolescent Princess under her wing after she remarried. However, once Elizabeth and the newly wedded Seymours were together at Chelsea,12 life would prove problematic for the Tudor Princess. It has never been disputed that the Admiral made advances to the attractive teenage girl who lived in his house.13 Seymour’s character is a significant component of this narrative. He is described by historian Susan James as “an omnivorous lover whose taste in women Brief Chronicles Vol. III (2011) 171 seems to have been thoroughly eclectic.” Tracy Borman states that “his name had been attached to various other ladies of standing at court.” 14 Starkey, among others, concurs, remarking that Seymour was “irresistible to women.”15 John Strype reports in his Ecclesiastical Memorials that in 1543, a “lewd woman” is on record accusing him of debauchery, a quaint term for wicked behavior.16 Historians accept the reports that Seymour frequented Elizabeth’s bedchamber in his bedclothes.17 This was easy for him to do as he had pocketed a key to her quarters.18 He is reported to have “struck” or “patted” the young Princess “on the back or buttocks familiarly,” snatching kisses and embraces under the very nose of the Queen.19 Even on the surface, it doesn’t look good, and appearances were important in the royal family. By contrast, Elizabeth’s older sister Mary had been so carefully reared as to be kept away from the “company of men, lest she become attached to the male sex.”20 But was an indecorous flirtation as far as it went? Generations of historians stoutly perpetuate the story that Elizabeth fended off the advances of the Admiral.21 Frederick Chamberlin notes that “the girl was never alone with Seymour upon any of these occasions, and that her attendants saw to it that there was no real danger for her.” 22 Her governess Kate Ashley was responsible for protecting Elizabeth’s virtue, and historians accept the story that she gave the Admiral a stern dressing down for his behavior.23 However, Ashley has also been criticized for failing to deal effectively with the situation.24 An occurrence, often described as the incident in the garden,25 sheds some light on the ménage a trois. As this story is received by historians, Queen Katherine is supposed to have held the Princess while Seymour cut off her clothes, taking a knife and ripping her dress into a hundred pieces. Then they both “tickled” Elizabeth. The event is accepted as a prank!26 All in good fun.27 In fact, it is reported that the Queen participated in two prior tickling sessions when she accompanied her husband to the Princess’ quarters earlier that spring.28 Maybe the official story of Seymour’s morning visits to Elizabeth’s bedroom is true; it was an innocent though indecorous amusement. Maybe the nascent relationship between Elizabeth and the Admiral was not consummated. Maybe she was just lucky and did not get pregnant. But the scene in the garden carries another implication. Here’s another interpretation of the events. Although historians demur on exact dates, information is available from which a timeline can be developed. One helpful detail is the record of a visit of the Dowager Queen and her entourage to Seymour’s London house during the Christmas season of 1547, for it is here that the Admiral reportedly entered Elizabeth’s bedchamber without his pants on.29 The garden scene occurred the following spring. If Elizabeth had been seduced sometime in December of 1547 or early January of 1548 – quite possibly during the London visit – by the spring she would be about four months pregnant and starting to show. Queen Katherine had become pregnant in this same time frame, and her baby was due in early September.30 Maybe Queen Katherine didn’t hear the gossip or was reluctant to believe it, but after a few months it became apparent that there might be something to the rumors that her Brief Chronicles Vol. III (2011) 172 husband was involved with the young Princess. In an attempt to explain Katherine’s collusion in the garden scene and the various tickling sessions, David Starkey suggests that the effects of her first pregnancy had “unbalanced her judgment.”31 It’s scant notice of the oddness of this behavior, particularly for a woman who had kept her cool during the turbulent years of her marriage to King Henry VIII.32A better explanation is that she was disturbed by the rumors that something was going on between her husband and the Princess. Perhaps she was enraged. If this is the case, then the official story may have a touch of spin. Looking at it from a different perspective, there’s a problem with motive. Seymour had no motive to cut off Elizabeth’s clothes; an angry Queen did. The circumstances suggest that it wasn’t Seymour who was cutting off Elizabeth’s clothes, aided and abetted by the Queen; instead, Queen Katherine was holding Elizabeth while one of her ladies was slicing off her clothes at her behest.