Inns and Taverns of Old London Henry C. Shelley Inns and Taverns of Old London Table of Contents Inns and Taverns of Old London.............................................................................................................................1 Henry C. Shelley............................................................................................................................................2 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................4 I. INNS AND TAVERNS OF OLD LONDON..........................................................................................................5 CHAPTER I. FAMOUS SOUTHWARK INNS............................................................................................6 CHAPTER II. INNS AND TAVERNS EAST OF ST. PAUL'S.................................................................13 CHAPTER III. TAVERNS OF FLEET STREET AND THEREABOUTS................................................22 CHAPTER IV. TAVERNS WEST OF TEMPLE BAR..............................................................................33 CHAPTER V. INNS AND TAVERNS FURTHER AFIELD.....................................................................42 II. COFFEE−HOUSES OF OLD LONDON............................................................................................................48 CHAPTER I. COFFEE−HOUSES ON 'CHANGE AND NEAR−BY........................................................49 CHAPTER II. ROUND ST. PAUL'S...........................................................................................................55 CHAPTER III. THE STRAND AND COVENT GARDEN.......................................................................59 CHAPTER IV. FURTHER WEST..............................................................................................................65 III. THE CLUBS OF OLD LONDON......................................................................................................................70 CHAPTER I. LITERARY...........................................................................................................................71 CHAPTER II. SOCIAL AND GAMING....................................................................................................77 IV. PLEASURE GARDENS OF OLD LONDON...................................................................................................83 CHAPTER I. VAUXHALL.........................................................................................................................84 CHAPTER II. RANELAGH........................................................................................................................89 CHAPTER III. OTHER FAVOURITE RESORTS.....................................................................................95 i Inns and Taverns of Old London Inns and Taverns of Old London 1 Inns and Taverns of Old London Henry C. Shelley This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com • PREFACE • I. INNS AND TAVERNS OF OLD LONDON. • CHAPTER I. FAMOUS SOUTHWARK INNS. • CHAPTER II. INNS AND TAVERNS EAST OF ST. PAUL'S. • CHAPTER III. TAVERNS OF FLEET STREET AND THEREABOUTS. • CHAPTER IV. TAVERNS WEST OF TEMPLE BAR. • CHAPTER V. INNS AND TAVERNS FURTHER AFIELD. • II. COFFEE−HOUSES OF OLD LONDON. • CHAPTER I. COFFEE−HOUSES ON 'CHANGE AND NEAR−BY. • CHAPTER II. ROUND ST. PAUL'S. • CHAPTER III. THE STRAND AND COVENT GARDEN. • CHAPTER IV. FURTHER WEST. • III. THE CLUBS OF OLD LONDON. • CHAPTER I. LITERARY. • CHAPTER II. SOCIAL AND GAMING. • IV. PLEASURE GARDENS OF OLD LONDON. • CHAPTER I. VAUXHALL. • CHAPTER II. RANELAGH. • CHAPTER III. OTHER FAVOURITE RESORTS. Produced by Steve Schulze, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. This file was produced from images generously made available by the CWRU Preservation Department Digital Library INNS AND TAVERNS OF OLD LONDON SETTING FORTH THE HISTORICAL AND LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS OF THOSE ANCIENT HOSTELRIES, TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE MOST NOTABLE COFFEE−HOUSES, CLUBS, AND PLEASURE GARDENS OF THE BRITISH METROPOLIS BY HENRY C. SHELLEY Author of “Untrodden English Ways,” etc. 1909 Henry C. Shelley 2 Inns and Taverns of Old London Henry C. Shelley 3 Inns and Taverns of Old London PREFACE For all races of Teutonic origin the claim is made that they are essentially home−loving people. Yet the Englishman of the sixteenth and seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, especially of the latter, is seen to have exercised considerable zeal in creating substitutes for that home which, as a Teuton, he ought to have loved above all else. This, at any rate, was emphatically the case with the Londoner, as the following pages will testify. When he had perfected his taverns and inns, perfected them, that is, according to the light of the olden time, he set to work evolving a new species of public resort in the coffee−house. That type of establishment appears to have been responsible for the development of the club, another substitute for the home. And then came the age of the pleasure−garden. Both the latter survive, the one in a form of a more rigid exclusiveness than the eighteenth century Londoner would have deemed possible; the other in so changed a guise that frequenters of the prototype would scarcely recognize the relationship. But the coffee−house and the inn and tavern of old London exist but as a picturesque memory which these pages attempt to revive. Naturally much delving among records of the past has gone to the making of this book. To enumerate all the sources of information which have been laid under contribution would be a tedious task and need not be attempted, but it would be ungrateful to omit thankful acknowledgment to Henry B. Wheatley's exhaustive edition of Peter Cunningham's “Handbook of London,” and to Warwick Wroth's admirable volume on “The London Pleasure Gardens of the Eighteenth Century.” Many of the illustrations have been specially photographed from rare engravings in the Print Boom of the British Museum. H.C.S. PREFACE 4 Inns and Taverns of Old London I. INNS AND TAVERNS OF OLD LONDON. I. INNS AND TAVERNS OF OLD LONDON. 5 Inns and Taverns of Old London CHAPTER I. FAMOUS SOUTHWARK INNS. Unique among the quaint maps of old London is one which traces the ground−plan of Southwark as it appeared early in the sixteenth century. It is not the kind of map which would ensure examination honours for its author were he competing among schoolboys of the twentieth century, but it has a quality of archaic simplicity which makes it a more precious possession than the best examples of modern cartography. Drawn on the principle that a minimum of lines and a maximum of description are the best aid to the imagination, this plan of Southwark indicates the main routes of thoroughfare with a few bold strokes, and then tills in the blanks with queer little drawings of churches and inns, the former depicted in delightfully distorted perspective and the latter by two or three half−circular strokes. That there may be no confusion between church and inn, the possibility of which is suggested by the fact that several of the latter are adorned with spire−like embellishments, the sixteenth−century cartographer told which were which in so many words. It is by close attention to the letter−press, and by observing the frequent appearance of names which have age−long association with houses of entertainment, that the student of this map awakens to the conviction that ancient Southwark rejoiced in a more than generous provision of inns. Such was the case from the earliest period of which there is any record. The explanation is simple. The name of the borough supplies the clue. Southwark is really the south−work of London, that is, the southern defence or fortification of the city. The Thames is here a moat of spacious breadth and formidable depth, yet the Romans did not trust to that defence alone, but threw up further obstacles for any enemy approaching the city from the south. It was from that direction assault was most likely to come. From the western and southern counties of England, and, above all, from the Continent, this was the high road into the capital. All this had a natural result in times of peace. As London Bridge was the only causeway over the Thames, and as the High street of Southwark was the southern continuation of that causeway, it followed that diplomatic visitors from the Continent and the countless traders who had business in the capital were obliged to use this route coming and going. The logical result of this constant traffic is seen in the countless inns of the district. In the great majority of cases those visitors who had business in the city itself during the day elected to make their headquarters for the night on the southern shore of the Thames. Although no definite evidence is available, it is reasonable to conclude that the most ancient inns of Southwark were established at least as early as the most ancient hostelries of the city itself. To which, however, the prize of seniority is to be awarded can never be known. Yet on one matter there can be no dispute. Pride of place among the inns of Southwark belongs unquestionably to the Tabard. Not that it is the most ancient, or has played the most conspicuous part in the social or political life of the borough, but because the hand of the poet has lifted it from the realm of the actual and given it an enduring niche in the world of imagination. No evidence is