THE NATIIRAL HISTORY Oß Imbrøsíø belína (lVestwood) (LEPIDOPTERA: SATIIRIUDAE), AND SOME Ì'ACTORS AFT'ECTING ITS ABT]NDAIYCE IN NORIH.EASIERN BOTSWAIVA. BY MARKS K. DITLHOCIO A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department ofZoology Universþ ofManitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba (c) January, 1996 \flonarLibrarv Bibliothèque nationale l*l du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A ON4 K1A ON4 Yout l¡le Volrc élércnce Ou l¡le Nolrc rélérence The author has granted an L'auteur a accordé une licence irrevocable non-exclus¡ve licence irrévocable et non exclus¡ve allowing the National Library of permettant à la Bibliothèque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell cop¡es of reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa thèse in any form or format, making de quelque manière et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des person nes intéressées. 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Pleose seled lhe one sub¡ea which most neorly describes lhe content of your disse;ofio; or thei¡i Enter the å".".p"ili"g four-digit code in úe spoces provided. l-ol-sTrlrl UMI SUUECT TERÀI SUBJECT CODE Subiect Cotegories THE HUI,IÂN¡TIES ÂND SOCI/II SCIENCES (olllfltuN|(AT¡o[s ÂilD Ïltt ARrs PHII.OSOPHY, RTTIGIOH AIID Architeau¡e........ ......................O7P :: : : : :. :: : :::: : : ::: :: : :: : : . :: : fiiff !1 ' 3å2Í lHt0l0cY Arl Hicory............. -. -................0377 .........0527 Rdicioùs ...................... Scieãcæ ............ ....................... 071 Á $il*."phy.......... oÁ22 Rd¡o¡on öenerol .............................. 03l I EiHicol Srudiæ .................... 032¡ Qerqy ................................031 9 trbrcry Sciance ............,............ 0399 Hisròív of ............................ 0320 Mos¡'Communicslions..,.,,..,..,... O708 - Philoúphyof ......................0322 Music....................................... O¿l 3 Ihælogy ..................................OÁó9 Spsh Gommunicqf:ron .............O459 Tfieotc..................................... O¿ó5 socÄL s(lEt{cs Americon Studiæ ...................... TÂIIGUAGE UTTRATURE ATID 0323 tDuüiloil ltNGutsil(s Lonorce ö.,ie¡o1 ............ ................-.0679 Ancient ............. .................. 0289 linguistics ........................... 0æ0 Genorol .............................. 031 0 lt4¡älem .............................. O?Fl Aøunlins .........................0272 Lil*oture Bonling ..i.......... .................0770 Gene¡ql ..............................0¿Ol Monqqemen!....,................,, 0¿54 dossicol ....... - -. -.. -...........ÙnA Mqrkãinq ...........................0338 C¡¡rpqrotr've .,..............,...... 0295 Cqnodion Sru-d¡æ .....................0385 Mediwol ...-........................0297 Ecorcmics jvlpdem .............................. 0æ8 Gensol ..............................0501 AIrÍcqn ...............................0¡l ¿ Agricr1turo1......................... o5o3 Ame¡icon...,...,,................... 0591 CómmerceBusiness ............. 0505 Às'on .................................0305 Finonce .............................. 0508 C¡nodiqn lEnslishl ..............0352 ili$o.y................................ 0509 Concd¡on {Frùrchl............... osss Lobor .................................051 0 Enclish ............................... 0593 Thærv......-.-.....................051 I Gãmonic ...........................031 I Folklore ..'.................................. 0358 lotin Americon .................... 031 2 Gæsrophv............................... 03óó Middh Eqs|em .................... 03l 5 Ceroîtcilog'y ............................. O35t Romonce ............................031 3 Hislory Sk¡vic ond Eost Europeon.....O3lr' cärerql ..............................0578 IHE SGIENCES AND ENGINEER,ING 8lotoctGl, s(IEltcs Specch Pothobçrv................Or'óO Ao¡iculture- rå¡cobqy ......l.'.................. o3B3 Ger¡e¡ql .............................. o4zg Home Eco¡roií¡ics ......................038ó Aqo¡rsmy .......................... 0285 Añimol Cúbure ond PHYS|(ÂI SCENCS Nulrilion ............ ............-.OO 5 Animol Poúolosy -...............OA7 6 Pure Scþnce¡ Fæd Scimce oñä Chmislry Tedrmlonv ...................... 0359 ce¡¡éo1 .............................. o¿gs Fo¡etrv cnðW¡ldlife ...........O¿78 Agricultur_o1........ .................07 Á9 Plo¡r¡ Culture ..............,........OÁ79 AnqMcol ...........................0¡8ó Plqnl Polholocv ...................0180 Biodiemistrv .......................OÁA7 Plont Ph¡úolõg', ..................091 7 Ino¡sonic ..i......................... O¡gg Rome Monoqem qû -........... OT77 I{TATIH AND IIIVIROilruNTAI, Nucleor .............................. 0738 Orqonic..............................0¿90 _- .Woõd Technõb gy ...............O7Áó Bþbd sqilffs Phõrmoceuticq1.................... O¿91 Ewironmeñlol G:íÌ€rõl .............................. o3oó Scier¡ces .............0768 Plr¡cicol ............. .................0494 Hælth Á.¡rq|omy ............................ Oæ7 Scimce Polvmer .............................. Ol95 Bioslcdisiics .........................0308 Gosc¡l ..............................05ó¿ Rq¿¡otion ............................O7 5Á Audio|ocv........................... Bo|ony................................ 0309 O3OO Mothemotics ............................. O¡05 cCl ..'.................................. o3ze Chenþlñfoqpy ................... 0992 Pht¡ia Denlistry ....:.:...................... 05ó7 ' E obgf ..............................0329 Ger¡sol .............................. oóo5 Enùcm|ogy........................ 0353 EducoEán ...........................0350 Aouslics ............................098ó Gsn€tie ..................,......,,,. 03ó9 Hospilql Monqcernent.,........ 07ó9 Äshomvond lin¡¡plogy .......... ..........-......0793 Hurircn Devebfrne¡l ...........0758 AstrophÇics....... ..............0&6 l.rùnünobg), ...............,........ Mic¡o$õfosv ......................0¿l O 09E2 Atrcd¡ehc Science............0óOB Medicino Surq€ry lvloleculor ::........................ O3OZ ãid ......... O5ó¿ Aroñi¿............... .................O7ÁB Neuroscience ....,............,.... 03l 7 Mmtd Hælth ....:....'............OU7 Electronic ond Elætriciv .....O6i7 Nuning ..............................05ó9 OcænoqßÞhy.................... 0¿t ó Elemenlorv Po¿icles onJ Nutrilio-n ............................. Pt¡)€¡oloóy :...:..................... O¿33 O5/O Hiqh Enãrcv....... ..............0798 RcËioñoñ'............................ Obetetric¡ and Gvnecoloqv ..0380 Fluidond Plãíno .................0759 o82t Occuælimol Vderirrcrv Science.......,....... 0778 Há*' lv'lolerulqr ........................... OóO9 Tkiopy ...........................""J' 035¿ _. +"Þs |.............................0172 Nucleor ..............................0ól O bþÐhBr6 Ahü¡olnioloqv ................... O38l Stics ............... .................0752 Pddþbsy^....::..................... 'cån r€l .............................. 078ó o5ll Rddiotion ............................ 075ó Ltedicol .............................- o7óo Phcrmoælogy ..................... 0¿l 9 solid srore .......................... oót I Phs¡mocy ............,..........,... 0572 Stotistics ................................... 04ó3 TARIH SCTII(ES Physicol theroov .................0382 Public Heolth .1.1................... o5/3 Applied &iences Itirgæclr€mistr),,, oÁ25 Appl¡ed Mæhqnics ...................03¡ó Geõdrønic¡y 0996 Rqd¡ology ........................... 05/¿ Recreoliôn ...............-..........057 5 Ginpuler Science ..................... 098¡ l.EE NATT'RAL EISTORY OF IHBRASI^A, BELINA (WESTWOOD) ( r.rProopTeRl : SATIIRNIIDAE, ) AND SOI{E FACTORS ATEECTII{G ITS ABTINDAI{GE IN NORIT-EASTERI{ BOTSI{ANA BY HÄBKS K. DITI,EOGO A Thesis subnitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfiilment of the requirenents of the degree of DOCTOR OF PEILOSOPÐT @ 1996 Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNTVERSITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to microfilnn this thesis and to lend or sell copies of the film, and LIBRARY MICROEILMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The author reseryes other publicafion rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts f¡om it may be printed or other-wise reproduced without the author/s written perrnission. Table of Contents Page Abstract üi Acknowledgements ...... iv ListofTables... .... v ListofFigures.. vi ListofPlates... vüi Chapter l. General Introduction and Literature Review . I Generallntroduction ....1 LiteratureReview ....... 3 Objectives .......8 References ......10 ChapterZ.TheNaturalHistoryoflmbrasiabelins(Westwood) . ...